This review focuses on the recent development of luminescent MOFs with synthetic approaches and their application in sensing biomolecules.

The amino group of UiO-66-NH2 was demonstrated to play an important role in selective fluorescence turn-on sensing of lysine and arginine.

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We develop a single-color multiplexing strategy to identify multiple amplicons without the involvement of multicolor labels and parallelized multiplexing.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been demonstrated to be desired candidates for sensing definite species owing to their tunable composition, framework structure and functionality. In this work, the NH2-MIL-101 series was utilized for sensing specific amino acids. The results show that cysteine (Cys) can significantly enhance the fluorescence emission of NH2-MIL-101-Fe suspended in water, while NH2-MIL-101-Al exhibits the ability to sense lysine (Lys), arginine (Arg) and histidine (His) in aqueous media via turn-on fluorescence emission. Titration experiments ensure that NH2-MIL-101-Fe and NH2-MIL-101-Al can selectively and quantitatively detect these amino acids. The sensing mechanism was examined and discussed. The results of this study show that the metal centers in MOFs are crucial for sensing specific amino acids.

The low cost and convenience of fluorescent DNA binding dyes make them widely used for real-time DNA analysis. Even though several dyes for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays are commercially available, most of them rely on organic parent molecules with an indefinite chemical structure, making it difficult to predict their behavior in nucleic acid amplification and to get the best performance. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time the use of the structurally defined dipyridophenazine complexes of ruthenium(II) for real-time monitoring of PCR and LAMP. These inorganic metallointercalators exhibit less inhibition on DNA amplification. They can quantify a range of initial template concentrations and provide the product melting curve to differentiate the unspecific amplification and even perform multiplex assays. These ruthenium(II) complexes have the advantages of the defined structure, nontoxicity, good stability, and facile synthesis, and they may act as excellent alternative DNA binding dyes with wide applications in the field of nucleic acid research.

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In FAHP, discontinuous scale, such as 0.1-0.9 scale, is usually used to get fuzzy judgment matrix. But when evaluating system is complex or index systems are too many, we may get stuck in a comparison dilemma by using 0.1-0.9 scale, resulting in a fuzzy judgment matrix of poor consistency. This paper improved 0.1-0.9 scale and established 0-1 continuous scale. We first apply 0-1 three scales to get a comparison matrix, and then converted it into a fuzzy judgment matrix according to 0-1 continuous scale.