Background. microbial keratitis which is also known as corneal ulcer, is a common ocular infection that can result in debilitating monocular visual impairment. identifying the prevalence and the latest trend of the causative agents will be useful in the management of corneal ulcer. Objectives. To evaluate the demographic and epidemiology factors of microbial keratitis at a tertiary hospital in a rural state of malaysia. Material and methods. This is a retrospective review with a total recruit of 137 patients who were admitted to the ophthalmology ward in hospital Universiti Sains malaysia. a retrospective review of the demographic data and results of corneal tissue sampling were documented. Results. Demographic data showed similarity to other studies where it affected most commonly in the productive age. it was also more commonly seen in male patients than in female. Bacterial keratitis (51.1%) was found to be more common than fungal keratitis (24.8%). in cases of bacterial keratitis, Pseudomonas spp. was the commonest causative agent, while in cases of fungal keratitis, Fusarium spp. was the commonest fungus microbial agent. Conclusions. With the knowledge of the demographical and epidemiological factors of microbial keratitis of a region, clinicians will be able to initiate prompt treatment at the early stages of the disease. Thus, less complications will arise from the disease and a better visual outcome provided.

We describe the first clinical case of keratitis registered in Southeast Asia. A man in his mid-70s with underlying poorly controlled diabetes mellitus came with complaints of painful red left eye for 4 days. This was accompanied with photophobia and blurring of vision after being injured by a wooden particle while cutting grass. Slit-lamp examination showed a paracentral anterior corneal stromal infiltrates with overlying epithelial defect. Culture of the corneal smear isolated that was sensitive to ceftazidime, meropenem and bactrim (trimethorprim and sulfomethoxazole). Topical ceftazidime was given intensively to the patient and the infection resolved after 6 weeks of treatment.

We describe an uncommon cause of paraneoplastic optic neuropathy in adenocarcinoma of the lung. A 45-year-old healthy woman presented with seizure and encephalitis, followed by an acute visual loss in both eyes for 1 week. Her visual acuity was no perception of light in the right eye and hand movement in the left eye. There was a generalised restriction of extraocular muscle movements in both eyes. Funduscopy showed a bilateral pale optic disc. A paraneoplastic antigen autoimmune profile showed a positive anti-CV2/CRMP-5 antibody. CT of the thorax revealed the presence of right apical lung mass, confirmed to be adenocarcinoma through a biopsy. She was scheduled for lung lobectomy and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, her health deteriorated and she passed away eventually.