Eight new cembranoids, boscartins A-H (1, 2, and 4-9), and the known incensole oxide were isolated from the gum resin of Boswellia carterii. The absolute configurations of 1, 2, 4, and incensole oxide were unequivocally resolved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis with Cu Kα radiation, and the absolute configuration of 5 was resolved via electronic circular dichroism data. The antiulcerative colitis activities of the compounds were evaluated in an in vitro x-box-binding protein 1 (XBP 1) transcriptional activity assay using dual luciferase reporter detection. At 10 μM, compounds 1, 5, 6, and 7 significantly activated XBP 1 transcription with EC50 values of 0.34, 1.14, 0.88, and 0.42 μM, respectively, compared with the pGL3-basic vector control.

Chemical examination of the exuded gum resin of Boswellia carterii resulted in the isolation of nine new prenylaromadendrane-type diterpenes, boscartols A-I (1-9). The structures of these compounds were established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, mass spectrometric data, and circular dichroism spectra. Compounds 1-3, 5, 6, 8, and 9 (10 μM) showed moderate hepatoprotective activity against d-galactosamine-induced HL-7702 cell damage.

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Seven new dianthrone glycosides, named polygonumnolides A1–B3 (1–7), were isolated from the 70 % EtOH extract of the dried roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. using column chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against KB tumor cell lines and compounds 1–4 showed moderate cytotoxicity.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12272-016-0816-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Two new prenylated phloroglucinol derivatives (1-2), and a known compound furohyperforim isomer 2 (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Hypericum scabrum. Their structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic methods, including MS, IR, UV, and NMR.

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