Conducting polymer (CP)-based hydrogels exhibit the behaviors of bending or contraction/relaxation due to electrical stimulation. They are similar in some ways to biological organs and have advantages regarding manipulation and miniaturization. Thus, these hydrogels have attracted considerable interest for biomedical applications. In this study, we prepared PPy/PVP hydrogel with different concentrations and content through polymerization and cross-linking induced by gamma-ray irradiation at 25 kGy to optimize the mechanical properties of the resulting PPy/PVP hydrogel. Optimization of the PPy/PVP hydrogel was confirmed by characterization using scanning electron microscopy, gel fraction, swelling ratio, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, we assessed live-cell viability using live/dead assay and CCK-8 assay, and found good cell viability regardless of the concentration and content of Py/pTS. The conductivity of PPy/PVP hydrogel was at least 13 mS/cm. The mechanical properties of PPy/PVP hydrogel are important factors in their application for biomaterials. It was found that 0.15PPy/PVP20 (51.96 ± 6.12 kPa) exhibited better compressive strength than the other samples for use in CP-based hydrogels. Therefore, it was concluded that gamma rays can be used to optimize PPy/PVP hydrogel and that biomedical applications of CP-based hydrogels will be possible.Polymers 2020, 12, 111 2 of 11 due to its excellent biocompatibility and environmental stability [3,4,14]. In addition, PPy has the advantage of the range of its electrical conductivity spanning from 10 to 100 S/cm [15]. However, PPy has the disadvantage of being brittle and mechanically unstable due to its conjugated chain structure [16]. Thus, existing CP-based biomaterials have limited use in living bodies because they are too hard and brittle [4,8]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a biomaterial by which CPs could be applied to the soft tissue of a living body. To overcome such weaknesses, CPs-based hydrogels have been actively developed [17][18][19]. The multifaceted challenge in tissue engineering is to find an ideal hydrogel prepolymer that can mimic the biology of human tissues in terms of structure, function, and performance [20]. One of the major issues in electroactive and conductive tissue engineering is the fabrication of multifunctional hydrogels with native-like biological, electrical, and mechanical properties. Therefore, the incorporation of conductive nanomaterials into hydrogels has gained substantial interest as it not only increases the electrical conductivity, but also improves the elasticity and biological activity relative to the pure hydrogel [21,22].Hydrogel is a three-dimensional network structure with a polymer chain bonded through covalent and/or secondary bonds, which enables strong hydrogen bonding with water molecules. Hydrogel can contain a large amount of water, and when in contact with water shows substantial swelling. Even so, it does not easily decompose or dissolve in water. In addition, its mechanical s...
A nonbiofouling conductive polymer (
Metronidazole (MD) is known as a periodontitis medicine and has been widely used in antibiotics for resistance to anaerobic bacteria, periodontal disease, and other threats. To treat diseases, drug delivery carriers are needed with a high bioadhesive property and enhanced drug penetration. Poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogel films have a good bioadhesive property and are able to localize the absorption site and increase the drug residence time. In this study, we fabricated a MD loaded PAA hydrogel with different MD content (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 wt%) using varying doses (25, 50, and 75 kGy) and the radiation doses (25, 50, or 75 kGy) in a one-step gamma-ray irradiation process. The chemical and physical structure were determined through a Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gel content, and compressive strength. In addition, MD loaded PAA hydrogels were performed to MD release behaviors and cytotoxicity. Finally, we conducted antibacterial activity to demonstrate the prevention of growth of bacteria as a therapeutic dressing. The basic chemical structure analysis of MD was changed greatly at radiation doses of 50 and 75 kGy due to degradation by gamma-ray irradiation. However, when the absorbed dose was 25 kGy, the chemical structure analysis of MD did not change significantly, and the gel content and compressive strength of MD/PAA hydrogel were approximately 80% and 130 kPa, respectively. The MD/PAA hydrogels exhibited no cytotoxicity and good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans. These results provide good evidence that MD/PAA hydrogel prepared by gamma-ray irradiation has potential as a competitive candidate for the therapeutic dressing.
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