A vacuum lamination method has been
considered as a practical alternative
to expensive and time-consuming layer deposition methods for fabricating
the polymer dielectric layers of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs).
Using this method, different layers of materials can be readily combined
under a weak vacuum. However, poor adhesion at the interface between
the organic semiconductor layer and laminated polymer dielectric layer
limits the application of the vacuum lamination method only to the
fabrication of organic single-crystal transistors; the fabricated
transistors were not practical and operated only when a diaphragm
pump was used to maintain the intimate adhesion between the single
crystal and the polymer dielectric layer. In this work, we developed
an advanced vacuum lamination strategy for fabricating a thin polymer
dielectric layer on an arbitrary polymer semiconductor thin film.
We observed that pasting glue at the rim of the sample and applying
thermal annealing in a vacuum resulted in a strong intimate contact
between the semiconductor and dielectric layer interface by efficiently
removing air bubbles at the interface. The fabricated vacuum-laminated
heterojunction structure was used in OTFTs and exhibited excellent
electrical characteristics with a small number of trap sites. We believe
that the proposed method would provide a facile research platform
for studying polymer semiconductor/polymer dielectric layer heterojunctions.
Maximizing productivity is one of the most critical factors for competitiveness in the manufacturing industry. Needless to say, the semiconductor industry, in which the automation rate is relatively high and the manufacturing process continues 24 h a day, requires high productivity to be maintained. This paper is about a model that analyzes the cause of an increase in time needed for the whole photolithography process and automatically classifies it in real-time by machine learning. The time analytics model based on a k-means algorithm divides the processing time into four hundred detailed time steps and classifies causes through normalizing and clustering processes. Further, true/false measures of performance were employed based on the confusion matrix. To increase the accuracy of the model, the classified cause becomes a source for creating a new algorithm that can detect problems quickly and accurately. A small number of wafers that the system has failed to classify has accumulated in the database to increase the frequency of occurrence. As a result of evaluating the time analytics model in the photolithography extreme ultraviolet (EUV) equipment, the model has classified 98.6% of the wafers that exceed the limitation. Continuous updates of new phenomena that will be generated from advanced technologies will be more important than the current classification ability. We are accumulating unclassified data for a sustainable system and will continue to classify by synthesizing new phenomena. Data classified in real-time with high accuracy become a steppingstone for maintaining high productivity. Production equipment and processes are developed to enhance individual characteristics. Nevertheless, a data mining method that divides the process time can also be widely used in manufacturing processes of other fields.
The development of optical lithographic technology made important contributions to miniaturization. In optical lithography, it is critical to maintain high uniformity and high resolution of patterning on a silicon substrate by exposing the substrate to ultraviolet (UV) light. However, lens contamination limits the uniformity of the exposed UV light, and the effect of lens contamination on the critical dimension is increasing as electronic devices become smaller. Lens contamination can be generated by turbulence of clean air (CA) and it gradually accelerates over time. In this work, we suggest the extreme clean dry air (XCDA) shield system to reduce lens contamination in optical lithography. We have measured and analyzed the contaminants of a practical lithography lens through time-of-flight secondary mass spectrometry, and the expected contamination mechanism is also shown. Also, we simulated turbulence of CA in practical lithography based on the shield k-epsilon turbulence model. Turbulence simulations not only quantitatively showed the effects of XCDA and CA on lens contamination but also demonstrated that the lens could be directly purged with the XCDA shield system to prevent turbulence of CA. The XCDA shield system reduced the degree of contamination by 33% compared with the conventional level. We believe that the proposed system will provide high efficiency in the optical lithography industry.
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