Objectives: To assess the associations of the triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index with hypertension stages, phenotypes, and their progressions.Methods: The data originated from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Multinomial logistic regression investigated the associations of the TyG index with hypertension stages (stage 1, stage 2), phenotypes (isolated systolic hypertension [ISH], isolated diastolic hypertension [IDH], systolic diastolic hypertension [SDH]), their progressions.Results: Compared with the lowest quartile of TyG index, the highest quartile was associated with increased risks of stage 1 hypertension (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.38–2.13), stage 2 (1.74, 1.27–2.38), ISH (1.66, 1.31–2.11), IDH (2.52, 1.26–5.05), and SDH (1.65, 1.23–2.23). Similar results were found when TyG index was a continuous variable. From 2011 to 2015, a higher baseline TyG index was associated with normotension to stage 1 (per-unit: 1.39, 1.16–1.65), normotension to ISH (per-unit: 1.28, 1.04–1.56), and normotension to IDH (per-unit: 1.94, 1.27–2.97).Conclusion: The TyG index was associated with different hypertension stages, phenotypes, their progressions, and could be served as a surrogate indicator for early hypertension management.
Background The triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index has been proposed as a surrogate indicator of insulin resistance. By far, the associations of the TyG index with hypertension stages, phenotypes, and progressions remain unclear. Methods The data originated from two waves (2011 and 2015) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Participants with systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and/or using antihypertensive medications were considered hypertensive. After excluding those under antihypertensive medications, hypertension stages were classified as stage 1 and stage 2, and phenotypes were classified as isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), and systolic diastolic hypertension (SDH). Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate the associations of the TyG index with hypertension stages and phenotypes, together with their progressions from 2011 to 2015. Results At baseline in CHARLS 2011, a total of 8,209 participants were recruited, among whom 3,169 (38.6%) were hypertension. Compared with individuals with the lowest quartile (Q1) of TyG index, those with the highest quartile (Q4) were significantly associated with increased risks of stage 1 hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38-2.13), stage 2 hypertension (1.74, 1.27-2.38), ISH (1.66, 1.31-2.11), IDH (2.52, 1.26-5.05), and SDH (1.65, 1.23-2.23). Similar results were found when the TyG index was used as a continuous variable. From 2011 to 2015, a higher baseline TyG index was revealed to be significantly associated with the progressions from normotension to stage 1 (for Q4 vs Q1: 1.45, 1.05-2.00; for per-unit: 1.39, 1.16-1.65), normotension to ISH (for per-unit: 1.28, 1.04-1.56), and normotension to IDH (for Q4 vs Q1: 3.46, 1.42-8.44; for per-unit: 1.94, 1.27-2.97). Conclusions The TyG index was significantly associated with different hypertension stages, phenotypes and their progressions. Our findings highlight the importance of the TyG index as a potential surrogate indicator for early hypertension screening and management.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the associations of obesity phenotypes with hypertension stages, phenotypes, and transitions among middle-aged and older Chinese.METHODS: Using the 2011-2015 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis included 9,015 subjects and a longitudinal analysis included 4,961 subjects, with 4,872 having full data on the hypertension stage and 4,784 having full data on the hypertension phenotype. Based on body mass index and waist circumstance, subjects were categorized into 4 mutually exclusive obesity phenotypes: normal weight with no central obesity (NWNCO), abnormal weight with no central obesity (AWNCO), normal weight with central obesity (NWCO), and abnormal weight with central obesity (AWCO). Hypertension stages were classified into normotension, pre-hypertension, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension. Hypertension phenotypes were categorized as normotension, pre-hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), and systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH). The association between obesity phenotypes and hypertension was estimated by logistic regression. A comparison between different sexes was conducted by testing the interaction effect of sex.RESULTS: NWCO was associated with normal→stage 2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 3.42), maintained stage 1 (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.29), and normal→ISH (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.85). AWCO was associated with normal→stage 1 (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.19), maintained stage 1 (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 2.06 to 3.72), maintained stage 2 (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.50 to 5.25), normal→ISH (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.02), and normal→SDH (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.72 to 3.75). An interaction effect of sex existed in the association between obesity phenotypes and hypertension stages.CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of various obesity phenotypes and sex differences in hypertension progression. Tailored interventions for different obesity phenotypes may be warranted in hypertension management, taking into account sex-specific differences to improve outcomes.
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