Tannins like gallic acid and even grape pomace extract are able to perform oxidations with air thus unleashing an alternative method for reutilization and valorization of bio-wastes.
A novel and efficient synthesis of dibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ones by direct intramolecular ortho-acylation from readily available 2-(phenoxymethyl)benzoic acids was developed. The method takes advantage of a newly developed cooperative system consisting of sustainable FeCl2 and Cl2CHOCH3 as the key components. This methodology is compatible with a wide variety of functional groups in good to excellent yields and high regioselectivity. The synthetic application of new protocol was extended to the synthesis of known tricyclic drug doxepin as well as a small library of oxepin based derivatives. For the first time, the obtained dibenzo[b,e]oxepinone derivatives were evaluated for their biological activities on the freeliving nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an effective and cost-efficient model system for anthelmintic discovery.
Radical tandem addition of dialkyltin chlorohydrides, R 2 SnHCl (R = n-Bu, neophyl, Ph), to TADDOL's substituted diacrylates (4−7) led to the corresponding products of cyclohydrostannation. The new optically active chlorodialkyltinsubstituted 11-membered macrodiolides were obtained in very good yields and with much higher stereoselectivity than that achieved with the corresponding monohydrides, R 3 SnH. Thus, the cyclohydrostannation of diacrylate 4 and dimethacrylate 5 lead to just one diastereomer in the first case and to an easily separable mixture of two diastereomers in the second. Reduction of the new organotin macrocycles with LiAlH 4 afforded optically active organotin derivatives structurally related to glutaric acid. Oxidation of the new chlorodiorganotin-substituted macrocycles with 30% hydrogen peroxide gave the new 11-membered macrocycles 30 and 31 free of tin in an average total yield of 43.4% from TADDOL. Full 1 H, 13 C, and 119 Sn data are also reported.
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