Background: Hypertension is one of the major preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality worldwide. Measurement of blood pressure (BP) is the most common investigation performed in primary care setting to manage the vast majority of hypertensive patients. BP measurement guidelines recommend that BP should be assessed in both arms at the initial visit to prevent misdiagnosis of hypertension. The interarm difference (IAD) in BP has received increasing attention in recent years because a difference of >10 mm of Hg has been found to be a potential marker of peripheral vascular disease and predictor of cardiovascular disease. Aim and Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and magnitude of IAD in healthy adults. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 normal healthy adults were recruited for the study. BP was assessed by automatic blood pressure monitor after 5 min rest. Results: In this study, prevalences of the IAD were found to be 19.0% for systolic > or =10 mmHg, 4.5% for systolic > or =20 mmHg, and 6.0% for diastolic >or =10 mmHg. Conclusion: IAD exists in a substantial number of healthy adults. A difference of >10 mm of Hg systolic or diastolic BP should be investigated further as it is found to have a prognostic value for predicting cardiovascular events. Hence, we conclude that IAD is a simple, noninvasive and sensitive method of detecting individuals prone for cardiovascular morbidities.
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) consists of a constellation of metabolic abnormalities that confer an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Low magnesium level is an important pathogenic factor in most of the disorders of MS and also contributes to increased cardiovascular risk. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find the association of serum magnesium with insulin resistance in patients with MS. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in a tertiary care center in Kerala after obtaining clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Thirty subjects with MS who satisfied at least 3 features of national cholesterol education program adult treatment panel III criteria in the age group of 45–65 years were selected and 30 normal subjects after proper exclusion and obtaining written informed consent. Serum magnesium levels and fasting C-peptide levels were measured. Insulin resistance was calculated from fasting serum C-peptide and fasting plasma glucose value using homeostasis model assessment. Results: The mean values of magnesium levels were significantly lower, and insulin resistance was higher in patients with MS when compared to normal subjects. The correlation of serum magnesium levels with insulin resistance was negative and significant. Conclusion: The present study shows that hypomagnesemia can result in insulin resistance. Magnesium supplementation can reduce insulin resistance and improve glycemic controls and reduce cardiovascular risk.
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