Properties
related to the combustion, stability, and compatibility
of blends composed of high-viscosity heavy fuel oil (HFO) and highly
acidic pyrolysis bio-oil were determined to assess the utility of
bio-oil as a marine fuel. The addition of bio-oil was shown to be
fully stable with HFO at blend levels up to 50 mass % for up to 2
weeks. Bio-oil concentrations as low as 5 mass % significantly reduced
the viscosity of HFO at 25 and 50 °C. Aging studies at 50 and
90 °C showed that the HFO inhibited the polymerization of bio-oil.
The heating value and lubricity showed a linear dependency with bio-oil
content, and combustion quality was acceptable for blends containing
up to 15% bio-oil. The highly acidic bio-oil was found to be corrosive
to carbon steel, 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, and 409 stainless steels, but not
304L and 316L. When blended into HFO at levels less than 19 mass %,
no measurable corrosion was observed on any of the steel materials,
but a 50 mass % concentration produced low-to-moderate corrosion in
the carbon steel, 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, and 409 stainless steel grades.
The combination of good blend stability, polymerization inhibition,
reduced viscosity, and acceptable compatibility for low blend levels
suggests that bio-oils may be suitable for use as a marine fuel.
Chloride salts are one candidate for a >700°C concentrating solar power (CSP) cycle, however, many reports from the literature suggest very high reaction rates between chloride salts and structural alloys. Historically, a specific methodology was established for evaluating halide salt compatibility based on solution kinetics. This study returned to that paradigm where the salts are purified and evaluated in sealed capsules before moving to a flowing experiment to determine a true corrosion rate in a temperature gradient for a commercial K–Mg–Na chloride salt. Isothermal testing focused on Ni‐based alloys 230 and 600 at 600°C–800°C. The results indicated there were promising combinations of salt chemistry, temperature, and alloy composition that reduce the extent of reaction. The results of the first monometallic thermal convection loop of alloy 600 run for 1,000 hr with a peak temperature of 700°C showed low attack with rates ≤9 µm/yr.
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