High speed communication between IED to IED is required for successful implementation of protection schemes in a substation automation system. IEC 61850 is an International standard that supports high speed peer-to-peer services like GOOSE. The communication using GOOSE protocol replaces point to point copper wiring between the IEDs in conventional substations with high speed communication over Ethernet technology. Individual IED needs to be tested before they are installed in the field. In this paper the practical setup for testing of protection schemes of an IED and its conformity to GOOSE protocol of IEC 61850 standard is presented. Brief introduction to the GOOSE protocol and its advantages is presented in the paper.
In a cloud computing based sensor network, nodes transmit data to the cloud and then data is processed on the cloud. The central processing performed on the cloud consumes precious computing time due to vast amounts of data. In some scenarios, processing can have time constraints. If the data processing can be done using simple algorithms, edge nodes of the sensor network can be used to save transmission and computing time. A concept of fog computing has been introduced here that includes a layer of hierarchy in cloud computing architecture that processes the initial data and quickens the decision-making process. In this research, a fog computing concept is explored for fault localization in transmission lines and distribution networks. In transmission lines and overhead distribution network, the fault detection is very crucial and should take minimum time. When a longrange (LoRa) transceiver based fault indicator is realized for increased range, it presents various challenges to the existing architecture. As the number of data concentrator nodes reduce due to higher range of LoRa, the fault localization complexity increases. In this research, fault indicators are installed with GPS coordinates to reduce complexity for fault localization. Two fault indicators are paired to localize the fault in the transmission lines. To find the location of the fault faster than the time-consuming process of the cloud computing, a new hierarchical layer of fog node is introduced in the system. This new architecture is compared with the earlier system, and the pros and cons are discussed in this research.
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