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Introduction: Meningiomas are tumors that arise from the meningothelial cells. They are commonly located at intracranial, intraspinal or occasionally ectopic site. They show histological diversity and are categorized into three grades. This grading helps in predicting their behaviour and deciding treatment strategy. Aims and Objectives: To study the incidence, anatomical location, sex and age Predilection, histological variants and grading of meningiomas based on WHO 2016 classification. To correlate clinical features and radiological findings with those of histopathological findings. Materials and Methods: The study is carried out in the Department of Pathology, Dhiraj General Hospital, Piparia from November 2016 to July 2018. 30 tumors specimen diagnosed as meningioma by radiology and neurosurgery department, sent to department of pathology were included in the study. Analysis of histological features, typing and grading of all cases was done according to WHO 2016 classification of meningioma. Results: Total 30 meningioma tumors were included in the study. Most of them were intracranial, predominantly involving the posterior fossa of brain, females and the 41-60 age group. The most common histological subtype was psammomatous followed by meningothelial. Majority (93.33%) were benign grade I tumors. In 90% cases radiological diagnosis matched exactly with histopathological diagnosis. Conclusion: Meningiomas are slow growing tumors arising from the meningothelial cells accounting for 15-30 % of all CNS neoplasms showing a variety of histological patterns, more common in women, predominantly Grade I tumors. Recurrence of tumors depends on histological grade and extent of surgery.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder of multiple etiologies, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the life-threatening complications of DM. This study was aimed to study the clinical and biochemical profile of DKA patients. Methods: We conducted this retrospective study at a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat. We included total 100 patients above the age of 18 years having DM, presented with DKA. A detailed history, clinical examination and biochemical tests were carried out: random blood sugar, urinalysis, arterial blood gas analysis, serum ketone, HbA1c, serum creatinine, serum electrolytes- potassium and sodium and serum osmolality. The results were analysed using Microsoft excel. Results: Out of total 100 patients, 76 (76%) patients had type 1 DM and 24 (24%) had type 2 DM, 42 (42%) were in the age group of 18-30 years. The mean age was 39.75±12.14 years. There were 56 (56%) males and 44 (44%) females with male: female ratio of 1.3:1. Most common clinical features of DKA were nausea/vomiting (88%), breathlessness (43%) and fever (35%). The main biochemical parameters altered were blood sugar (>400 mg/dl in 41%) and serum ketones (≥5 in 84%) as well as majority of patients (64%) had their HbA1c level between 11-15% with the mean HbA1c value of 12.25±2.43%. Conclusions: DKA is a frequently observed emergency with high mortality rate. Education regarding symptoms of ketoacidosis, not missing insulin doses especially during illness, strict adherence to treatment and lifestyle modifications can greatly reduce DKA occurrence.

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