The pulp and paper industry is one of the most energy-intensive industries worldwide. An energy audit is a primary step toward improving energy efficiency at the facility level. This paper describes a plant-wide energy audit aimed at identifying energy conservation and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) mitigation opportunities at a paper mill in Guangdong province, China. We describe the energy audit methods, relevant Chinese standards, methods of calculating energy and carbon indicators, baseline energy consumption and CO 2 emissions of the audited paper mill, and nine energy-efficiency improvement opportunities identified by the audit. For each of the nine options, we evaluate the energy conservation and associated CO 2 mitigation potential. The total technical energy conservation potential for these nine opportunities is 967.8 terajoules (TJ), and the total CO 2 mitigation potential is equal to 93,453 tonnes CO 2 annually, representing 14.4 percent and 14.7 percent, respectively, of the mill's total energy consumption and CO 2 emissions during the audit period.
The
gradually depleting fossil resources and the biosafety of bisphenol
A have always restricted the green development of the traditional
epoxy resin field. In this Article, biomass macromolecule lignin sulfonates
are selected as the raw material instead of traditional bisphenol
A to prepare lignin-based epoxy resin adhesives. Lignin sulfonates
are chemically modified and combined with a cross-linking agent to
form lignin-based epoxy resin adhesives with double-interpenetrating-network
structures. The resulting lignin-based epoxy adhesive exhibits a maximum
tensile shear strength of 11.29 MPa, which is 213% higher than the
strength before chemical modification. The tensile shear strength
of the adhesive is still 10.13 MPa after 12 h of immersion in water
(20 °C), and its tensile shear strength is 9.30 MPa after 12
h of immersion in boiling water (100 °C). The high-temperature
and high-humidity environment has no significant effect on the properties
of the resulting lignin-based epoxy adhesive.
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