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The missing link: Reiterative ligations based on non‐cysteine and cysteine‐based acyl acceptors have been used to prepare synthetic polypeptides and proteins with multiple sites of glycosylation. Highly complex positionally defined glycopolypeptides corresponding to single glycoforms can be formed from simple components.

Conducting polymers are considered to be favorable electrode materials for implanted biosensors and bioelectronics, because their mechanical properties are similar to those of biological tissues such as nerve and brain tissues. However, one of the primary challenges for implanted devices is to prevent the unwanted protein adhesion or cell binding within biological fluids. The nonspecific adsorption generally causes the malfunction of implanted devices, which is problematic for long-term applications. When responding to the requirements of solving the problems caused by nonspecific adsorption, an increasing number of studies on antifouling conducting polymers has been recently published. In this review, synthetic strategies for preparing antifouling conducting polymers, including direct synthesis of functional monomers and post-functionalization, are introduced. The applications of antifouling conducting polymers in modern biomedical applications are particularly highlighted. This paper presents focuses on the features of antifouling conducting polymers and the challenges of modern biomedical applications.

Traditional dynamic adaptive materials rely on an atomic/molecular mechanism of phase transition to induce macroscopic switch of properties, but only a small number of these materials and a limited responsive repertoire are available. Here, liquid as the adaptive component is utilized to realize responsive functions. Paired with a porous matrix that can be put in motion by an actuated dielectric elastomer film, the uncontrolled global flow of liquid is broken down to well-defined reconfigurable localized flow within the pores and conforms to the network deformation. A detailed theoretical and experimental study of such a dynamically actuated liquid-infused poroelastic film is discussed. This system demonstrates its ability to generate tunable surface wettability that can precisely control droplet dynamics from complete pinning, to fast sliding, and even more complex motions such as droplet oscillation, jetting, and mixing. This system also allows for repeated and seamless switch among these different droplet manipulations. These are desired properties in many applications such as reflective display, lab-on-a-chip, optical device, dynamic measurements, energy harvesting, and others.has led to unprecedented capabilities such as autonomous actuation and sensing, [1,2] controlled release, [3] self-healing, [4] self-regulation, [5] self-reporting, [6] self-cleaning, [7] antifouling, [8] tunable optical properties, [9,10] and others. Such conventional materials with adaptive responses often rely on compounds with specific chemical properties that undergo various phase transitions at the atomic/molecular scale to enable macroscopic dynamic behavior in the form of piezoelectric, pyroelectric, electrochromic, shape memory effects, and so on. [11][12][13][14][15] The limited availability of the solids that undergo such atomic/ molecular transitions is a major constraint. Our quest for new dynamic adaptive materials has to go beyond the search for specific materials formulations and to adopt a bioinspired strategy of designing a hybrid materials system comprising a combination of multiple components responding to various stimuli with coupled energy transduction mechanisms across the system. [16][17][18] Moreover, different from traditional engineering materials that rely on carving, extruding, rolling, weaving, and molding of solids, Nature's tool box goes far beyond just a solid. Instead, Nature seamlessly and ubiquitously mixes and matches different solids and Droplet Dynamics

A pathway has been devised, wherein a phenolic ester of a C-terminal peptide is ligated with an N-terminal peptide through two consecutive acyl migrations. In the first transacylation, the C-terminus is transferred from a phenol to a newly liberated ortho-thiol function. Subsequently, the acyl group is transported to a proximal benzylamine through a six-membered transition state.