Estimating Recovery Rate and Recovery Amount has become important in consumer credit because of the new Basel Accord regulation and because of the increase in number of defaulters due to the recession. We compare linear regression and survival analysis models for modelling Recovery rates and Recovery amounts, so as to predict Loss Given Default (LGD) for unsecured consumer loans or credit cards. We also look at the advantages and disadvantages of using single distribution models or mixture distribution models for estimating these quantities.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein M (gM/UL10) is a 473 aa type III transmembrane protein that resides in various membrane compartments. HSV-1 gM contains several putative trafficking motifs, but their functional relevance remains to be elucidated. We show here that transiently expressed gM 19-343 was sufficient for transport to the transGolgi network (TGN), whilst gM 133-473, where the first two transmembrane domains were deleted, and gM 1-342, which lacked the final residue of the last transmembrane domain, were retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), indicating that all transmembrane domains are required for proper folding and ER exit. A series of bacterial artificial chromosome mutants revealed that in addition to the authentic start codon, translation of gM can be initiated at methionine 19 and 133/135. Whilst a protein lacking the first 18 residues supported WT-like growth, gM 133/135-473 resulted in reduced plaque diameters resembling a UL10 deletion mutant. An HSV-1 mutant encoding gM 1-342 showed similar growth characteristics and accumulated non-enveloped cytoplasmic particles, whilst gM 1-343 resulted in a gain of function, indicating that all transmembrane domains of the protein are important for viral growth. A C-terminal extension further supported viral propagation; however, the C-terminal trafficking motifs (residues 423-473) were completely dispensable. We propose a functional core within gM 19-343 comprised of all transmembrane domains that is sufficient to target the protein to the TGN, a favoured site for envelopment, and to support viral functions.

Recent experimental investigations by McArthur et al. (J. Fluids Struct. 66, 293-314, 2016) in the wake of a simplified heavy vehicle or commonly known as the ground transportation system (GTS) model has shown that the flow topology is invariant over a large range of Reynolds numbers [2.7 × 10 4 − 2 × 10 6 ]. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the initial flow topology at a Reynolds number of 2.7 × 10 4 , using well-resolved large eddy simulations (LES). In the vertical midplane behind the GTS, a flow state which is anti-symmetric to that reported in McArthur et al. (J. Fluids Struct. 66, 293-314, 2016) is observed here, thereby, confirming the possibility of occurrence of the complementary bi-stable flow state. The occurrence of this bi-stable state does not depend on the ground clearance between the GTS and the ground plane, as a similar flow topology is observed at both small and large gap heights. Furthermore, the flow topology in the vertical midplane is also found to be insensitive to the incoming flow for small yaw angles. However, complex flow behaviour is observed in the wake for larger yaw angles, where the flow topology in the vertical midplane becomes nearly symmetric, while an asymmetric flow topology is now observed in the lateral midplane in the near wake. Furthermore, the corner vortices which originate from either side at the front of the model merge in the far wake, leading to a large vortex structure nearly equal to the height of the model. The near-wake topology of the GTS is analysed and compared with previous studies for a range of scenarios, and the forces on the GTS are computed.

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