We studied the origin of the anterior deltoid from the lateral third of the clavicle and the leading anterior edge of the acromion in 18 cadaver shoulders by anatomical and histological methods. The main origin of the deltoid was from the superior surface of the anterior acromion, but muscle and tendinous attachments were also seen on the entire anterior surface of the acromion, its anteroinferior surface and on the whole width of the anterior surface of the clavicle. Mock arthroscopic acromioplasty was shown to detach deltoid fibres from the anterior surfaces, leaving the superior attachment in continuity. Potentially, arthroscopic subacromial and clavicular resection can detach deltoid fibres originating from the anterior and anteroinferior surfaces of the acromion and clavicle and thus weaken the anterior deltoid.
We demonstrate a facile approach for the architecture of a multifunctional bilayer thin films which show both antireflection and near-infrared (NIR) luminescence. NIR luminescence YVO4:Yb3+ transparent film and nanoporous SiO2 film were successively built on slide glass. Intense NIR emission around 900–1100 nm has been obtained, which is assigned to the electronic transition 2F7/2→2F5/2 of Yb3+, meanwhile, the maximum transmittance reached as high as ∼95%, whereas that of the glass substrate is ∼91%. It is the sought candidate material for c-Si solar cell by downconversion of UV light to NIR photons and increasing photon transmission.
Band-gap alignment engineering has now been extensively studied due to its high potential for application. Here we demonstrate a simple route to synthesize two metal oxide layers and align them together according to their bandgaps on the surface of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. The metal oxide layers not only extend absorption spectrum to generate extra carriers but also more efficiently separate electron–hole pairs. As a consequence, the photovoltaic performance of SnO2/CdO/Si double-layer solar cell (DLSC) is highly improved compared to the controlled Si solar cell, CdO/Si and SnO2/Si single-layer solar cells (SLSCs). Via alignment engineering, the SnO2/CdO/Si DLSC produces a short circuit photocurrent (Jsc) of 38.20 mA/cm2, an open circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 0.575 V and a fill factor (FF) of 68.7%, a conversion efficiency (η) of 15.09% under AM1.5 illumination.
A time series of strain images is acquired while applying a ramp-and-hold compression to measure viscous creep from which viscoelastic properties of breast stroma can be measured. The literature on the ultrastructure of breast connective tissue suggests that profound changes occur during tumor formation that may generate contrast for viscoelastic properties. We review the continuum mechanics of uniaxial compressions of hydrated polymers to develop the feature space for our imaging approach. Two examples of clinical breast images show classic sonographic and elastographic features, and also suggest that viscoelastic properties, particularly the first strain retardance time constant T1, may provide unique diagnostic opportunities.
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