The metastasis of breast cancer is believed to have a negative effect on its prognosis. Benefiting from the remarkable deep-penetrating and noninvasive characteristics, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) demonstrates a whole series of potential leading to cancer treatment. To relieve the limitation of monotherapy, a multifunctional nanoplatform has been explored to realize the synergistic treatment efficiency. Herein, we establish a novel multifunctional nano-system which encapsulates chlorin e6 (Ce6, for SDT), perfluoropentane (PFP, for ultrasound imaging), and docetaxel (DTX, for chemotherapy) in a well-designed PLGA core–shell structure. The synergistic Ce6/PFP/DTX/PLGA nanoparticles (CPDP NPs) featured with excellent biocompatibility and stability primarily enable its further application. Upon low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) irradiation, the enhanced ultrasound imaging could be revealed both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, combined with LIFU, the nanoparticles exhibit intriguing antitumor capability through Ce6-induced cytotoxic reactive oxygen species as well as DTX releasing to generate a concerted therapeutic efficiency. Furthermore, this treating strategy actives a strong anti-metastasis capability by which lung metastatic nodules have been significantly reduced. The results indicate that the SDT-oriented nanoplatform combined with chemotherapy could be provided as a promising approach in elevating effective synergistic therapy and suppressing lung metastasis of breast cancer.
Breast cancer is the second highest incidence of cancer in the world. It is of great significance to find biomarkers to diagnose breast cancer and predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients. PAIP2 is a poly (A) -binding protein interacting protein that regulates the expression of VEGF. However, the possible role of PAIP2 in the progression of breast cancer is still unknown. RT-qRCR and Western blotting were used to verify the expression of PAIP2 in breast cancer cells and normal breast cells. The data of breast cancer samples were obtained in the TCGA database and the HPA database to analyze the expression of PAIP2 in breast cancer samples. Transwell experiment and CCK8 experiment confirmed the changes in the invasion and proliferation ability of PAIP2 after siRNA was down-regulated. Using bioinformatics technology to explore the prognostic value of PAIP2 and its possible biological function, and its effect on tumor immunity and immunotherapy. Studies have shown that PAIP2 has higher expression in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cells. PAIP2 can promote the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells and has significantly high expression in higher tumor stages. The high expression of PAIP2 is associated with better OS in breast cancer patients and is negatively correlated with most chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity and IPS in cancer immunotherapy. Our study explored the potential value of PAIP2 as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis and may predict the efficacy of immunotherapy, providing reference for the follow-up study on the role of PAIP2 in breast cancer.
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) comes from different parts, but there may be similar tumorigenic signaling pathways and metabolism, and different squamous cell carcinoma has a similar mutation landscape and squamous differentiation expression. Studying the expression profile of common SCCs is helpful to find biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic significance for a variety of squamous cell carcinoma. Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), and "squamous cell cancer" in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used as training sets. The relevant data sets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were selected as validation sets. Machine learning algorithms were used to screen out factors with high accuracy in the diagnosis of SCCs as core genes, and explore their effects on patient prognosis and immunotherapy. COL7A1 (Collagen Type VII Alpha 1 Chain) has high accuracy in the diagnosis of LUSC and HCSC, whether in the training set (LUSC _ AUC: 0.987; HNSC _ AUC: 0.933) or validation set (LUSC _ AUC: 1.000; HNSC _ AUC: 0.967). Moreover, the expression of COL7A1 was significantly correlated with shorter OS and DSS in HNSC and LUSC patients, and was also significantly negatively correlated with IPS in LUSC patients treated with CTLA4 (-) PD1 (+), CTLA4 (+) PD1 (-) and CTLA4 (+) PD1 (+). COL7A1 has the potential to be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for LUSC and HNSC and to predict the efficacy of LUSC immunotherapy.
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