Intervertebral disc degeneration is a very common type of degenerative disease causing severe socioeconomic impact, as well as a major cause of discogenic low back pain and herniated discs, placing a heavy burden on patients and the clinicians who treat them. IDD is known to be associating with a complex process involving in extracellular matrix and cellular damage, and in recent years, there is increasing evidence that oxidative stress is an important activation mechanism of IDD and that reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species regulate matrix metabolism, proinflammatory phenotype, autophagy and senescence in intervertebral disc cells, apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence. Despite the tremendous efforts of researchers within the field of IDD pathogenesis, the proven strategies to prevent and treat this disease are still very limited. Up to now, several antioxidants have been proved to be effective for alleviating IDD. In this article, we discussed that oxidative stress accelerates disc degeneration by influencing aging, inflammation, autophagy, and DNA methylation, and summarize some antioxidant therapeutic measures for IDD, indicating that antioxidant therapy for disc degeneration holds excellent promise.
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the α2-HS glycoprotein concentrations in serum and the occurrence of neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).Material/MethodsDuring the period between January 2011 and January 2012, 75 patients (67 male) with paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury were enrolled. The patients were divided into 2 groups in accordance with the occurrence of heterotopic ossification based on the results high-frequency ultrasound on the bilateral hip joint. The levels of α2-HS glycoprotein, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) were detected by ELISA.ResultsWe found a significant decrease of α2-HS glycoprotein in SCI patients with NHO compared to SCI patients without NHO. In contrast, a significant elevation of serum calcium, D-dimer, BMP, and CRP was observed in SCI patients with NHO. The degree of maturity of NHO did not influence the level of α2-HS glycoprotein. Multivariate liner regression analysis showed that the level of serum α2-HS glycoprotein was correlated with CRP and spasticity.ConclusionsThe decreased level of α2-HS glycoprotein may be related to the formation of neurogenic heterotopic ossification in patients with spinal cord injury. Our results suggest that α2-HS glycoprotein might be a risk factor for NHO in patients with SCI.
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