Lignin-layered double hydroxide (lignin-LDH) complex was synthesized by in situ method, and then styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/lignin-LDH composites were prepared by the melt compounding method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that crystal lignin-LDH was successfully obtained and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed well dispersion of lignin-LDH in SBR matrix. The tensile strength, elongation at break, 300% modulus and hardness of lignin-LDH/SBR were significantly improved compared to LDH/SBR composites. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the thermal degradation temperature of the lignin-LDH/ SBR at 10% weight loss (T 10 ) decreased whereas 50% weight loss (T 50 ) was much higher than that of pristine LDH/SBR due to barrier property of the well dispersed Lignin-LDH in SBR matrix.
Normally, the sterically hindered
phenols and diphenylamines, used
as antioxidants, are added into the base oil simultaneously in order
to improve the antioxidant efficiency. In view of this, we have designed
a new type of antioxidant which combined the two traditional antioxidants
into one molecule with Schiff base. These novel Schiff base bridged
phenolic diphenylamine (SPD) antioxidants have been prepared through
a one-step synthesis method which is suitable for large-scale production.
The thermal stability and antioxidant ability were examined by thermal
gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and pressurized differential scanning calorimetry
(PDSC), respectively. The results showed that they both had better
thermal stability and antioxidant efficiency than the commonly used
commercial antioxidants. Importantly, the formulation of SPDs with
other additives also exhibited improved antioxidant performances,
presenting good application potential in the lubricant industry.
The
use of biophenols to develop bioantioxidants is devoted to sustainable
development, reducing
energy and environmental issues. In order to step closer to practical
application, bioantioxidant effectiveness is as important as renewability.
A novel intramolecular synergism strategy aiming at high-efficiency
oxidative inhibition is proposed by combining biobased phenol and
arylamine in one molecule. Mannich condensation of hydrogenated cardanol
(HC) with arylamines and paraformaldehyde led to the formation of
three phenol-arylamine antioxidants (BAs). BAs were characterized
by HRMS, FT-IR, NMR, and thermogravimetic (TG) analysis. Free radical
scavenging activity of BAs was assessed using a DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)
method, and was found to be much higher than that of commercial antioxidants.
BAs were evaluated as antioxidant and thermal-oxidative stabilizer
in polyol in terms of pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC),
rotary bomb oxidation tests (RBOT), and TGA. In a comparison to commercial
antioxidants, BA1 demonstrated superior antioxidant properties and
thermal-oxidation stability, which mostly benefit from intramolecular
synergism.
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