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Lignin-layered double hydroxide (lignin-LDH) complex was synthesized by in situ method, and then styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/lignin-LDH composites were prepared by the melt compounding method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that crystal lignin-LDH was successfully obtained and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed well dispersion of lignin-LDH in SBR matrix. The tensile strength, elongation at break, 300% modulus and hardness of lignin-LDH/SBR were significantly improved compared to LDH/SBR composites. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the thermal degradation temperature of the lignin-LDH/ SBR at 10% weight loss (T 10 ) decreased whereas 50% weight loss (T 50 ) was much higher than that of pristine LDH/SBR due to barrier property of the well dispersed Lignin-LDH in SBR matrix.

Normally, the sterically hindered phenols and diphenylamines, used as antioxidants, are added into the base oil simultaneously in order to improve the antioxidant efficiency. In view of this, we have designed a new type of antioxidant which combined the two traditional antioxidants into one molecule with Schiff base. These novel Schiff base bridged phenolic diphenylamine (SPD) antioxidants have been prepared through a one-step synthesis method which is suitable for large-scale production. The thermal stability and antioxidant ability were examined by thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and pressurized differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC), respectively. The results showed that they both had better thermal stability and antioxidant efficiency than the commonly used commercial antioxidants. Importantly, the formulation of SPDs with other additives also exhibited improved antioxidant performances, presenting good application potential in the lubricant industry.

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A novel rubber filler, black liquor–montmorillonite complex (BL–MMT) was prepared by dehydration of a mixture of MMT and BL and used in the preparation of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites by mechanical mixing method. The BL–MMT/rubber composites were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Experimental results of XRD and TEM indicated that MMT was well‐dispersed in the rubber because of the presence of lignin. DSC, thermo‐oxidative aging measurements and TGA results demonstrated that the thermal properties of NBR were improved due to the addition of BL–MMT. The tensile properties including tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus were also tested. All experimental results indicated that this BL–MMT complex could be an effective reinforcing agent in rubber for cost‐saving and environment benefits. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013

The use of biophenols to develop bioantioxidants is devoted to sustainable development, reducing energy and environmental issues. In order to step closer to practical application, bioantioxidant effectiveness is as important as renewability. A novel intramolecular synergism strategy aiming at high-efficiency oxidative inhibition is proposed by combining biobased phenol and arylamine in one molecule. Mannich condensation of hydrogenated cardanol (HC) with arylamines and paraformaldehyde led to the formation of three phenol-arylamine antioxidants (BAs). BAs were characterized by HRMS, FT-IR, NMR, and thermogravimetic (TG) analysis. Free radical scavenging activity of BAs was assessed using a DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method, and was found to be much higher than that of commercial antioxidants. BAs were evaluated as antioxidant and thermal-oxidative stabilizer in polyol in terms of pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC), rotary bomb oxidation tests (RBOT), and TGA. In a comparison to commercial antioxidants, BA1 demonstrated superior antioxidant properties and thermal-oxidation stability, which mostly benefit from intramolecular synergism.

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