The use of green materials reflects the notion that production materials should generate minimal environmental pollution through various efforts, including the design and development of low-pollution materials, innovation and improvement of low-pollution manufacturing processes, and recycling and reuse of materials. The development of green materials is an important part of corporate social responsibility. Companies need to use resources legitimately and have environmental protection responsibility. Forecasting the growth trends of green copper clad laminate material is crucial for manufacturers of printed circuit boards and green copper clad laminates. The main purpose of this study was to forecast the growth trends of green electronic materials. The industry sample investigated in this study only numbered 14.Because of the limited sample of historical data, the data distribution did not exhibit a normal distribution. Prediction methods for large data sets were not suitable for this study. Thus, three grey forecasting models (i.e. the grey model(1,1), non-linear grey Bernoulli model (1,1), and grey Verhulst model) were adopted for theoretical derivation and scientific verification. The results yielded by these methods were compared with the results of regression analysis to verify the forecasting accuracy and suitability of the three methods. The results indicated that for small data sets, the forecasting accuracy of the non-linear grey Bernoulli model(1,1) and grey Verhulst model was superior to that of the original grey model(1,1) as well as the regression analysis method.

Three candidate probiotics, Bacillus foraminis, Bacillus cereus biovar toyoi and Bacillus fusiformis, were isolated from hydrogen-producing fermented solution and identi¢ed using 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Bacillus foraminis and B. cereus biovar toyoi exhibited strong antagonism against Streptococcus iniae and Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida in in vitro co-culture for competitive exclusion assay and then were conducted in the larviculture system of Penaeus monodon reared from zoea 1 to postlarva 1. The daily addition of B. cereus biovar toyoi resulted in signi¢cantly deleterious e¡ects on survival (Po0.01) whereas the daily addition of B. fusiformis showed highest survival rate (88.7 AE 0.7%) but no statistically signi¢cant di¡erence from control (73.3 AE 12.1%). Bacillus fusiformis was continuously applied in the larviculture system of Litopenaeus vannamei. Administration of B. fusiformis signi¢cantly increased survival (Po0.01) in both treatments added daily (87.9 AE 1.7%) and every other day (54.7 AE 1.2%), respectively, at a concentration of 10 5 CFU mL À 1 over control (41.2 AE 1.3%).

Green supply-chain management is a novel idea that incorporates the concept of environmental protection into traditional supply-chain management in order to reduce environmental risks and impact. This study developed criteria for evaluating green suppliers on the basis of the green supply chain. The Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method was adopted to investigate the criteria for evaluating green suppliers, to explore inter criterion causal relationships and levels of mutual influence, and finally to discuss the mechanism for evaluating green suppliers, as well as the methods for selecting them. OPSOMMINGGroen voorsieningskettingbestuur is 'n nuwe idee wat die konsep van omgewingsbeskerming tot tradisionele voorsieningskettingbestuur byvoeg om sodoende die omgewingsrisiko's en -impak verminder. Dié studie het 'n kriteria vir die beoordeling van groen verskaffers op grond van die groen voorsieningsketting ontwikkel. Die "Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory" (DEMATEL) metode is aangepas om die kriteria vir die beoordeling van groen verskaffers te ondersoek, om die onderlinge maatstaf oorsaaklike verhoudings en vlakke van wedersydse invloed te ondersoek en om die meganisme vir die beoordeling van groen verskaffers en die metodes om hulle te kies, word bespreek.

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This study adopted 14 criteria for order-winners and qualifiers as the attributes for evaluation. The first stage used a simultaneous importance-performance analysis to analyse the competitive market situations of a corporation and its competitors. The second stage used the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method to analyse the attributes' causal relationships and levels of influence; then two methods of analysis were integrated to analyse and re-formulate the competitive strategies for the winning orders. As well as serving as a novel theory-based method to examine how manufacturers win orders, the proposals in this study can be applied to practical industry experiences. OPSOMMINGVeertien kriteria vir mededinging word vir attribuut evaluering voorgehou. Ten aanvang word gelyktydige vertonings gemeet ten opsigte van mededingers. Tweedens word 'n lukraakmetode aangewend by die evaluering van attribute se kousale verhoudings en invloedspeile vir mededingingspeile om sodoende bestellings te bekom. Die resulterende voorstelle kan in die praktyk toegepas word.