Prostate cancer has become the most commonly diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males. The long noncoding RNA second chromosome locus associated with prostate-1 (SChLAP1) has been found to be overexpressed in a subset of prostate cancer. However, the significance and mechanism of SChLAP1 in prostate cancer are not well known. In this study, we explored the role of SChLAP1 in prostate cancer tissues, cell lines, and mouse models. The effect of SChLAP1 on miR-198 and MAPK1 was specifically examined. We found that SChLAP1 expression was significantly increased in prostate cancer cells and tissues. Knockdown of SChLAP1 promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. In addition, a potential bonding site between miR-198 and SChLAP1 was predicted, and a low expression of miR-198 was found in prostate cancer tissues and cells. Knockdown of SChLAP1 significantly increased the expression of miR-198, and SChLAP1 overexpression markedly decreased it, indicating that SChLAP1 acted as a negative regulator in the expression of miR-198. Furthermore, our results showed that SChLAP1 interacted with miR-198 and subsequently modulated the MAPK1 signaling pathway in prostate cancer. In conclusion, our study has identified a novel pathway through which SChLAP1 exerts its oncogenic role in prostate cancer at the level of miRNAs and provided a molecular basis for potential applications of SChLAP1 in the prognosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies are being tested clinically for a variety of disorders. However, despite the remarkable clinical advancements in this field, most applications still use traditional culture media containing fetal bovine serum. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) appears as a novel application for tissue engineering and its effect on bone healing is thought to be mainly dependent on the proliferation promoting function, with the molecular mechanisms largely unknown. In this study, mouse osteogenic progenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured in PRP or washed platelet (WPLT)-treated wells or in untreated wells, and analyzed on cycloxygenase 2 (COX2) expression (qRT-PCR), cell growth (MTT assay) and cell differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity). The results showed that PRP and WPLT stimulated cell growth similarly in the first 6 days, together with the steady induction of COX2 and PGE2. 10 μmol/l celecoxib (an inhibitor of COX2) significantly inhibited the pro-proliferation effects. Interestingly, WPLT had stronger effects than PRP in proliferation at the later time points (6-9 days). ALP activity assay and collagen 1a expression revealed PRP had a mild but statistically significant pro-differentiation effect, while no obvious effects observed in WLPT group. In summary, PRP stimulates initial growth of MSCs in a COX2 partially dependent manner and the less obvious osteogenic differentiation promoting effects of WPLT strongly indicates WPLT rather than the PRP should be the optional choice for expanding MSCs in vitro for clinical use.
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) have great potential to
treat various dental-related diseases in regenerative medicine. They are usually
maintained with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in vitro. Modified
platelet-rich plasma (mPRP) would be a safe alternative to 10% FBS during SHEDs
culture. Therefore, our study aimed to compare the proliferation and differentiation
of SHEDs cultured in mPRP and FBS medium to explore an optimal concentration of mPRP
for SHEDs maintenance. Platelets were harvested by automatic blood cell analyzer and
activated by repeated liquid nitrogen freezing and thawing. The platelet-related
cytokines were examined and analyzed by ELISA. SHEDs were extracted and cultured with
different concentrations of mPRP or 10% FBS medium. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
activity was measured. Mineralization factors, RUNX2 and OCN, were measured by
real-time PCR. SHEDs were characterized with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) markers
including vimentin, CD44, and CD105. mPRP at different concentrations (2, 5, 10, and
20%) enhanced the growth of SHEDs. Moreover, mPRP significantly stimulated ALP
activity and promoted expression of RUNX2 and OCN compared with 10% FBS. mPRP could
efficiently facilitate proliferation and differentiation of SHEDs, and 2% mPRP would
be an optimal substitute for 10% FBS during SHEDs expansion and differentiation in
clinical scale manufacturing.
Retroperitoneoscopic resection is feasible, effective, and safe in the treatment of patients with PG according to our preliminary clinical experience and has distinct advantages including direct access to the tumor, less intraperitoneal interference, precise dissection, and minimal invasiveness.
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