Peri-implant infection is one of the biggest threats to the success of dental implant. Existing coatings on titanium surfaces exhibit rapid decrease in antibacterial efficacy, which is difficult to promisingly prevent peri-implant infection. Herein, we report an N-halamine polymeric coating on titanium surface that simultaneously has long-lasting renewable antibacterial efficacy with good stability and biocompatibility. Our coating is powerfully biocidal against both main pathogenic bacteria of peri-implant infection and complex bacteria from peri-implantitis patients. More importantly, its antibacterial efficacy can persist for a long term (e.g., 12~16 weeks) in vitro, in animal model, and even in human oral cavity, which generally covers the whole formation process of osseointegrated interface. Furthermore, after consumption, it can regain its antibacterial ability by facile rechlorination, highlighting a valuable concept of renewable antibacterial coating in dental implant. These findings indicate an appealing application prospect for prevention and treatment of peri-implant infection.
Molybdenum disulphide (MoS 2 ) exhibits unique properties that are useful for various biomedical applications. Owing to its distinct characteristics and osteogenic differentiation promotion effect, this material has been studied extensively. However, the effect of cell density on osteogenic differentiation between MoS 2 -based biomaterials and cells is still unknown. In this study, we used MoS 2 /polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite nanofibres as substrates to evaluate the effect of cellular density on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). We created different experimental groups with increasing cell seeding densities and investigated cellular behaviours, biocompatibility, proliferation and osteogenic properties. The results show that MoS 2 /PAN composite nanofibres can positively regulate osteogenic differentiation. More importantly, in the presence of standard culture conditions, 1.0 × 10 4 cells/cm 2 is the most efficient and suitable cell seeding density for BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. Our findings suggest that the optimal cell density for osteogenesis is vital for the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs when these cells are cultured onto MoS 2 -based biomaterials.
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