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Modification of polypropylene by hyperbranched grafting with a poly(acrylic acid) graft was carried out using techniques previously used with gold, aluminum, silicon, and polyethylene surfaces. An initial etching oxidation produced a modified polypropylene that was presumed to contain carboxylic acid functional groups (though none were detected by IR spectroscopy). Then, a series of repetitive grafting experiments using an α,ω-diamine derivative of poly(tert-butyl acrylate) were used to produce surfaces containing significant amounts of poly(acrylic acid). The resulting surfaces were characterized by ATR-IR spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and XPS spectroscopy. Treatment of the surfaces with alkali produced a more hydrophilic carboxylate surface. Treatment of these surfaces first with ethyl chloroformate followed by pentadecylfluorooctylamine produced a hydrophobic fluorinated surface. Mechanical tests show that such surface modification not only serves as a route to modify polypropylene's hydrophilicity/hydrophobicitysuch modification substantially affects the adhesive strength between this modified polypropylene and an epoxy adhesive. Double cantilever beam tests show that adhesion increases from 2 J/m2 for unmodified polypropylene to up to 29 J/m2 with the modified polypropylene.

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The fact that the lifetime of photoluminescence is often difficult to access because of the weakness of the emission signals, seriously limits the possibility to gain local bioimaging information in time‐resolved luminescence probing. We aim to provide a solution to this problem by creating a general photophysical strategy based on the use of molecular probes designed for single‐luminophore dual thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The structural and conformational design makes the dual TADF strong in both diluted solution and in an aggregated state, thereby reducing sensitivity to oxygen quenching and enabling a unique dual‐channel time‐resolved imaging capability. As the two TADF signals show mutual complementarity during probing, a dual‐channel means that lifetime mapping is established to reduce the time‐resolved imaging distortion by 30–40 %. Consequently, the leading intracellular local imaging information is serialized and integrated, which allows comparison to any single time‐resolved signal, and leads to a significant improvement of the probing capacity.

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Zircon commonly occurs as one of important accessory HFSE-bearing minerals in A-type granite. A detailed electron microprobe study was carried out on zircon from the Laoshan complex, Eastern China, which is composed of I-and A-type granites. Zircon from the I-type rocks is relatively poor in trace elements (HfO 2 <2 wt.%, UO 2 , ThO 2 and Y 2 O 3 <1 wt.%), but that from the A-type rocks is richer in Hf, U, Th and Y. Hafnian zircon with a HfO 2 content of up to 12.37 wt.% was found in the arfvedsonite granite, which is considered the most evolved facies in the A-type suite. Enrichment in Hf is generally observed at the rims of zircon crystals relative to the cores. The Hf enrichment in zircon, and the association of exotic REE-and HFSE-bearing minerals are linked to hydrothermal activity, suggesting that during the last stage of crystallization of the A-type magma, fluids enriched in REE, HFSE, F , CO 2 3 and PO 3 4 were released.

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