Objectives: To examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Relevant Outcome Scale for Alzheimer’s disease (CROSA) among persons with AD (PWAD) and their caregivers in China. Design: A single-arm, open-label, multi-center study. Setting: Two tertiary general hospitals in Shanghai. Participants: A total of 336 PWAD and their family caregivers. Intervention: The PWAD completed a 12-week treatment with memantine after a baseline assessment. Measurements: The CROSA and the Chinese versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale, the Disability Activity of Dementia, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire, the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview and the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Chinese Family Caregivers. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha for the total scale was 0.900, and the intraclass correlation coefficient and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were 0.910 (P < 0.001) and 0.836 (P < 0.001), respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the two-factor model to be consistent with the original version. For the known-group validity, the total score of the CROSA classified the PWAD into three stages and three MMSE score groups. Moderate to large correlations with the validated scales confirmed the criteria validity of the CROSA, and the convergent validity was confirmed via testing a hypothesized caregiving model; however, only minimal responsiveness was found among the deterioration group after 12 weeks of treatment with memantine. Conclusions: The reliability and validity of the CROSA was good or acceptable for use in daily clinical settings. Further studies are needed to examine the psychometric properties of the scale.

Aims: To develop and preliminarily test the reliability and validity of a behaviour questionnaire for stoma self-management for patients with bladder cancer after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit. Design: A psychometric instrument validation study conducted in two phases. Methods: The initial version of behaviour questionnaire was developed based on guidelines for people living with a stoma. Five experts validated the content of the preliminary 29-item questionnaire. A cross-sectional survey was then conducted in Beijing for preliminary reliability and validity tests between 4 December 2017-28 April 2018. A total of 151 participants in the survey, 147 of whom completed the study and 16 completed a 2-week test-retest reliability test. Results: The content validity indices were satisfied. A principal component analysis with direct oblimin rotation was performed. Sixteen items were retained, and three factors were identified, namely, pouching system change, emotional management, and role management. The 16-item questionnaire showed acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The mediational effect of self-management behaviour on the relationship between self-efficacy and stoma quality of life was confirmed via convergent validity testing. Conclusion: The behaviour questionnaire for stoma self-management appears to have adequate initial reliability and validity. More observational and interventional studies need to be conducted for further evaluation of its psychometric properties.

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