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We reconstructed a phylogenetic tree of Chinese vascular plants (Tracheophyta) using sequences of the chloroplast genes atpB, matK, ndhF, and rbcL and mitochondrial matR. We produced a matrix comprising 6098 species and including 13 695 DNA sequences, of which 1803 were newly generated. Our taxonomic sampling spanned 3114 genera representing 323 families of Chinese vascular plants, covering more than 93% of all genera known from China. The comprehensive large phylogeny supports most relationships among and within families recognized by recent molecular phylogenetic studies for lycophytes, ferns (monilophytes), gymnosperms, and angiosperms. For angiosperms, most families in Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV are supported as monophyletic, except for a paraphyletic Dipterocarpaceae and Santalaceae. The infrafamilial relationships of several large families and monophyly of some large genera are well supported by our dense taxonomic sampling. Our results showed that two species of Eberhardtia are sister to a clade formed by all other taxa of Sapotaceae, except Sarcosperma. We have made our phylogeny of Chinese vascular plants publically available for the creation of subtrees via SoTree (http://www.darwintree.cn/flora/index.shtml), an automated phylogeny assembly tool for ecologists.

These findings indicate that peroxynitrite represents a key mediator of HMGB1 overexpression and release by cardiac cells and provide a novel mechanism linking myocardial oxidative/nitrosative stress with post-infarction myocardial inflammation.

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Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) has been proposed to be a distinct subtype with a specific immune microenvironment. Here, we evaluated tumor-infiltrating T-cell subsets and the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in 571 gastric cancers (GCs).Tissue microarrays were stained using EBER in situ hybridization for EBV and using immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, Foxp3, PD-1 and PD-L1. GCs were categorized into four types based on CD8+ infiltration and PD-L1 expression. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was evaluated according to EBV infection, T-cell subsets, PD-1 and PD-L1 expression and immune types.Thirty-two (5.3%) EBVaGCs were identified, which were more prevalent for CD8+ (p<0.001) and Foxp3+ (p=0.020) cell infiltration than EBV-negative GCs (EBVnGCs), suggesting a better 5-year OS (p=0.003). CD8+ (p=0.001) and Foxp3+ (p=0.018) cell infiltration was associated with better 5-year OS, whereas PD-L1 expression correlated with a poor 5-year OS (p=0.002). EBVaGC and EBVnGC had heterogeneous immune microenvironment, with CD8+ PD-L1− GC exhibiting the best 5-year OS (p<0.001).GC was an immune ignorant dominant tumor and poor to no T-cell infiltration. An immune type classification algorithm can provide prognostic information and a rational basis for immunotherapy.

No abstract

Background: Machine perfusion (MP) and static cold storage (CS) are two prevalent methods for liver allograft preservation. However, the preferred method remains controversial. Aim: To conduct a meta-analysis on the impact of MP preservation on liver transplant outcome. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to identify relevant trials comparing the efficacy of MP vs. CS. Odds ratios (OR) and fixed-effects models were calculated to compare the pooled data. Results: Ten prospective cohort studies and two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included (MP livers vs. CS livers = 315:489). Machine perfusion demonstrated superior outcomes in posttransplantation aspartate aminotransferase levels compared to CS (P < 0.05). The overall incidence of early allograft dysfunction (EAD) was significantly reduced with MP preservation than CS [OR = 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.31-0.67; P < 0.0001]. The incidence of total biliary complications (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.34-0.83; P = 0.006) and that of ischemic cholangiopathy (OR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.18-0.85; P = 0.02) were significantly lower in recipients with MP preservation compared with CS preservation. Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) but not normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) was found to significantly protect grafts from total biliary complications and ischemic cholangiopathy (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences could be detected utilizing either HMP or NMP in primary nonfunction, hepatic artery thrombosis, postreperfusion syndrome, 1-year patient survival, or 1-year graft survival (P > 0.05). Jia et al. Machine Perfusion: Future Preservation Method Conclusions: Machine perfusion is superior to CS on improving short-term outcomes for human liver transplantation, with a less clear effect in the longer term. Hypothermic machine perfusion but not NMP conducted significantly protective effects on EAD and biliary complications. Further RCTs are warranted to confirm MP's superiority and applications.

In recent years, the textile industry has been seeking to develop innovative products. It is a good choice to organically combine materials with superior functional characteristics and commercial textiles to form products with excellent performance. In particular, textiles made of biological functional materials are often beneficial to human health, which is an interesting research direction. As a biopolymer material, chitosan has the advantages of strong availability, low cost, excellent safety, outstanding performance, etc., particularly the antibacterial property, and has broad application prospects in the textile field. This review provides an overview of the latest literature and summarizes recent innovations and state-of-the-art technologies that can add value to textiles. To this end, preparation of chitosan fiber, synthesis of chitosan nanofiber, antibacterial activity of chitosan fiber, antibacterial activity of chitosan nanofiber, etc., will be discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of chitosan-based materials used in textiles are evaluated. Importantly, this review can not only help researchers understand the development status of antibacterial textiles, but also help researchers discover and solve problems in this field through comparative reading.