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Crosstalk noise is an intrinsic characteristic of photonic devices used by optical networks-on-chip (ONoCs) as well as a potential issue. For the first time, this paper analyzed and modeled the crosstalk noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and bit error rate (BER) of optical routers and ONoCs. The analytical models for crosstalk noise, minimum SNR, and maximum BER in meshbased ONoCs are presented. An automated crosstalk analyzer for optical routers is developed. We find that crosstalk noise significantly limits the scalability of ONoCs. For example, due to crosstalk noise, the maximum BER is 10 -3 on the 8×8 meshbased ONoC using an optimized crossbar-based optical router. To achieve the BER of 10 -9 for reliable transmissions, the maximum ONoC size is 6×6. A novel compact high-SNR optical router is proposed to improve the maximum ONoC size to 8×8.

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Abstract-We demonstrate a five-port optical router that is suitable for large-scale photonic networks-on-chip. The optical router is designed to passively route the optical signal travelling in one direction and actively route the optical signal making a turn. In the case that an XY dimension-order routing is used, the passive routing feature guarantees that the maximum power consumption to route the data through the network is a constant that is independent of the network size. The fabricated device has an efficient footprint of ∼ 460 × 1000 µm 2 . The routing functionality of the device is verified by using a 12.5-Gbit/s optical signal. The capability of multiwavlength routing for the optical router is also explored and discussed.Index Terms-Multiprocessor interconnection networks, optical resonators, optical switches, wavelength division multiplexing.

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