Five-Port Optical Router Based on Microring Switches for Photonic Networks-on-Chip

Ji, Ruiqiang; Xu, Jiang; Yang, Lin

doi:10.1109/lpt.2013.2243427

Cited by 71 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…From (2) and (5), it follows that the values of the wavelength minimizing the transmittance (resonant wavelengths) are given by the formula 0,res eff eff…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on refractive index sensors based on optical micro-ring resonators

Tsigaridas

2017

Photonic Sens

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Abstract:In this work, the behavior of refractive index sensors based on optical micro-ring resonators is studied in detail. Using a result of waveguide perturbation theory in combination with numerical simulations, the optimum design parameters of the system, maximizing the sensitivity of the sensor, are determined. It is found that, when optimally designed, the sensor can detect relative refractive index changes of the order of n/n310 4 , assuming that the experimental setup can detect relative wavelength shifts of the order of /310 5. The behavior of the system as bio-sensor has also been examined. It is found that, when optimally designed, the system can detect refractive index changes of the order of n10 3 for a layer thickness of t=10 nm, and changes in the layer thickness of the order of t0.24 nm, for a refractive index change of n=0.05.

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“…From (2) and (5), it follows that the values of the wavelength minimizing the transmittance (resonant wavelengths) are given by the formula 0,res eff eff…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on refractive index sensors based on optical micro-ring resonators

Tsigaridas

2017

Photonic Sens

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“…As such, the photonic MRRbased switch provides high spectral sensitivity (< 5 nm free spectral range) and low insertion loss (< 1 dB per ring). However, in order to increase the quality (Q) factor, which reduces the required ring-tuning (dynamic) power, a 10μm or even larger ring radius may be needed, which limits packaging density, and demands reasonably high power consumption during thermal tuning [7,8]. The actual required real-estate on-chip is effectively even larger than the physical device since the electrical thermal heating pads require not only physical space but introduce thermal stray fields that need to be spread.…”

Section: Hybrid Photonic-plasmonic Switch Design 21 Technology Hybrimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Turning to optical routing, on the other hand, is in itself inefficient given the current photonics technology due to the low light-matter interaction (LMI), and weak electro-optic modulation in silicon [6]. While photonic routers based on microring resonators have been proposed [7] and demonstrated [8], the high sensitivity (i.e. spectral and amplitude) require dynamic tunability which is both power hungry and relatively slow if high Qfactor rings are used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Photonic-Plasmonic Nonblocking Broadband 5 × 5 Router for Optical Networks

et al. 2018

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Photonic data routing in optical networks is expected overcome the limitations of electronic routers with respect to data rate, latency, and energy consumption. However photonics-based routers suffer from dynamic power consumption, and non-simultaneous usage of multiple wavelength channels when microrings are deployed and are sizable in footprint. Here we show a design for the first hybrid photonic-plasmonic, non-blocking, broadband 5×5 router based on 3-waveguide silicon photonicplasmonic 2×2 switches. The compactness of the router (footprint <200 μm 2 ) results in a short optical propagation delay (0.4ps) enabling high data capacity up to 2 Tbps. The router has an average energy consumption ranging from 0.1~1.0 fJ/bit depending on either DWDM or CDWM operation, enabled by the low electrical capacitance of the switch. The total average routing insertion loss of 2.5 dB is supported via an optical mode hybridization deployed inside the 2×2 switches, which minimizes the coupling losses between the photonic and plasmonic sections of the router. The router's spectral bandwidth resides in the S, C and L bands and exceeds 100 nm supporting WDM applications since no resonance feature are required. Taken together this novel optical router combines multiple design features, all required in next-generation high data-throughput optical networks and computing systems.

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“…A need for on-chip amplification has been identified for further scaling in connectivity 18 . The cross-point architecture [31][32][33][34][35] , which uses an array of orthogonal input and output guides, is shown schematically in Figure 1b. The architecture uses compact switch elements that readily scale.…”

Section: Monolithic Optical Switch Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ring resonator elements have been considered extensively, given the increased availability of silicon on insulator technology for photonic circuits. Placing rings at the intersections between the input and output busses allows wavelength-specific routing through thermo-optic tuning 33 . Higher order ring resonators offer a flattened-passband response that enables wavelength-tolerant, broadband routing in a crossgrid array 34 .…”

Section: Monolithic Optical Switch Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated optical switch matrices for packet data networks

Stabile

Albores-Mejia

Rohit³

et al. 2016

Microsyst Nanoeng

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Integrated circuit technologies are enabling intelligent, chip-based, optical packet switch matrices. Rapid real-time reconfigurability at the photonic layer using integrated circuit technologies is expected to enable cost-effective, energy-efficient, and transparent data communications. InP integrated photonic circuits offer high-performance amplifiers, switches, modulators, detectors, and de/multiplexers in the same wafer-scale processes. The complexity of these circuits has been transformed as the process technologies have matured, enabling component counts to increase to many hundreds per chip. Active-passive monolithic integration has enabled switching matrices with up to 480 components, connecting 16 inputs to 16 outputs. Integrated switching matrices route data streams of hundreds of gigabits per second. Multi-path and packet time-scale switching have been demonstrated in the laboratory to route between multiple fibre connections. Wavelength-granularity routing and monitoring is realised inside the chip. In this paper, we review the current status in InP integrated photonics for optical switch matrices, paying particular attention to the additional on-chip functions that become feasible with active component integration. We highlight the opportunities for introducing intelligence at the physical layer and explore the requirements and opportunities for cost-effective, scalable switching.Keywords: large-scale integration; optical switching devices; optoelectronics; photonic integrated circuits In turn, this is leading to unsustainable energy usage and an increasing complexity in network control 2-4 . Optical packet routing and switching technologies offer the prospect of highly efficient networking that is attuned to packet-based traffic flows 4 . However, to date the underlying photonic hardware has not proved sufficiently scalable, and the physical layer performance has been impeded by the analogue nature of the underlying photonic components.Photonic switch matrices and wavelength-selective switches already provide energy-efficient connectivity at the highest bandwidths for circuit-provisioned time-scales. The optical switching engines that are now being deployed in telecom networks and data centre networks are based on slow (millisecond) circuitswitching technologies that leverage micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) 5,6 and liquid crystal on silicon 7,8 switch elements. 3D MEMS systems now allow for connectivity between many hundreds of fibre connections 9,10 . The combination of broadband photonic switches and wavelength-selective diffractive optical elements offers even higher connectivity. However, the use of surface normal micro-optics introduces considerable assembly complexity as the connectivity scales. The switching speeds do not support packet-based traffic at the optical layer.Planar photonic integrated circuits have long held the promise of high-speed broadband connectivity with mass-manufactureable microchips 11 , but only recently has the technology

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Five-Port Optical Router Based on Microring Switches for Photonic Networks-on-Chip

Cited by 71 publications

References 24 publications

A study on refractive index sensors based on optical micro-ring resonators

A study on refractive index sensors based on optical micro-ring resonators

Hybrid Photonic-Plasmonic Nonblocking Broadband 5 × 5 Router for Optical Networks

Integrated optical switch matrices for packet data networks

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