Amine−silica hybrid materials have been investigated extensively in terms of their suitability for postcombustion CO 2 capture. However, research on how the silica types affects the synthesis and performance of amine−silica hybrid materials is scarce. In this study, four types of commonly used and representative silica including precipitated silica, fumed silica, MCM-41, and silica gel are used to synthesize a series of comparable materials by grafting a silane onto them. We undertake a porosity analysis of plain silica and the amine−silica hybrid materials and determined the CO 2 adsorption performance of amine−silica hybrid materials. The results suggest that precipitated silica is a superior and promising support material for amine−silica hybrid materials synthesis by grafting. The amine−silica hybrid material supporting with precipitated silica possesses relatively high amine content, exhibits good porosity, and obtains the highest CO 2 adsorption capacity and amine efficiency compared to those of three other amine−silica hybrid materials.

We consider the Ising model at its critical temperature with external magnetic field ha 15=8 on the square lattice with lattice spacing a. We show that the truncated two-point function in this model decays exponentially with a rate independent of a as a # 0. As a consequence, we show exponential decay in the near-critical scaling limit Euclidean magnetization field. For the lattice model with a D 1, the mass (inverse correlation length) is of order h 8=15 as h # 0;for the Euclidean field, it equals exactly C h 8=15 for some C . Although there has been much progress in the study of critical scaling limits, results on nearcritical models are far fewer due to the lack of conformal invariance away from the critical point. Our arguments combine lattice and continuum FK representations, including coupled conformal loop and measure ensembles, showing that such ensembles can be useful even in the study of near-critical scaling limits. Thus we provide the first substantial application of measure ensembles.

BackgroundBacillus subtilis strain PB2-L1 produces the lipopeptide surfactin, a highly potent biosurfactant synthesized by a large multimodular nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). In the present study, the modules SrfA-A-Leu, SrfA-B-Asp, and SrfA-B-Leu from surfactin NRPS in B. subtilis BP2-L1 were successfully knocked-out using a temperature-sensitive plasmid, pKS2-mediated-based, homologous, recombination method.ResultsThree novel surfactin products were produced, individually lacking amino acid Leu-3, Asp-5, or Leu-6. These surfactins were detected, isolated, and characterized by HPLC and LC-FTICR-MS/MS. In comparison with native surfactin, [∆Leu3]surfactin and [∆Leu6]surfactin showed evidence of reduced toxicity, while [∆Asp5]surfactin showed stronger inhibition than native surfactin against B. pumilus and Micrococcus luteus. These results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of [∆Leu6]surfactin for Fusarium moniliforme was 50 μg/mL, such that [∆Leu6]surfactin could lead to mycelium projection, cell damage, and leakage of nucleic acids and protein. These factors all contributed to stimulating apoptosis in F. moniliforme.ConclusionsThe present results revealed that [∆Leu6]surfactin showed a significant antifungal activity against F. moniliforme and might successfully be employed to control fungal food contamination and improve food safety.

For the two-dimensional random field Ising model (RFIM) with bimodal (i.e., two-valued) external field, we prove exponential decay of correlations either (i) when the temperature is larger than the critical temperature of the Ising model without external field and the magnetic field strength is small or (ii) at any temperature when the magnetic field strength is sufficiently large. Unlike previous work on exponential decay, our approach is not based on cluster expansions but rather on arguably simpler methods; these combine an analysis of the Kertész line and a coupling of Ising measures (and also their random cluster representations) with different boundary conditions. We also show similar but weaker results for the RFIM with a general field distribution and in any dimension. neither g + nor g − , h e := h z for each external edge e = {z, g + } or {z, g − }, 1 {·} denotes the indicator function, and other notation is similar to that in (19). We now define P

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The carbonation–calcination looping route of steel slag can significantly improve its CO2capture capacity compared to the conventional route of direct carbonation sequestration, thus providing an alternative and more feasible option for the use of alkaline industrial wastes to capture CO2from industrial flue gases.

Too large of a higher alcohol content has negative effects on the liquor taste and health. Revealing the key microbes and their key driving forces is essential to regulate the higher alcohol content in spontaneous liquor fermentation. Herein, we used high-throughput sequencing associated with a multivariate statistical algorithm to reveal the contributing microbes for higher alcohol production in Chinese light-aroma-type liquor and identified that Saccharomyces and Pichia were the main contributors. In addition, the C/N ratio and microbial interaction were found to significantly affect the production of higher alcohols. Herein, we used response surface methodology to establish a predictive model for higher alcohol production with the regulating factors, and the content of total higher alcohols decreased significantly from 328.80 ± 24.83 to 114.88 ± 5.02 mg/L with the optimized levels of the regulators. This work would facilitate the control of flavor production via regulating microbial communities in food fermentation.