Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) represent an intriguing class of structurally rigid hydrocarbons that can serve as the bioisosteres of benzenoids in medicinal chemistry. Methods for the synthesis of BCHs are, however, limiting. Reported herein is a facile synthesis of BCHs via a strain-release-driven [2π + 2σ] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) with alkenes facilitated by a pyridine-boryl radical catalyst. The mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and decent functional group tolerance of this protocol render it appealing in relevant fields of drug design and synthesis. Theoretical mechanistic studies reveal that a radical relay mechanism is involved. Synthetic applications of the products are performed.
Electrophilic addition to alkenes is a textbook-taught reaction, yet it is not always possible to control the regioselectivity of addition to unsymmetrical 1,2-disubstituted substrates. We report the observation and applications of the β-boron effect that accounts for high regioselectivity in electrophilic addition reactions to allylic MIDA (N-methyliminodiacetic acid) boronates. While the wellestablished β-silicon effect bears partial resemblance to the observed reactivity, the silyl group is typically lost during functionalization. In contrast, the boryl moiety is retained in the product when B(MIDA) is used as the nucleophilic stabilizer. Mechanistic studies elucidate the origin of this effect and demonstrate how σ(C−B) hyperconjugation helps stabilize the incipient carbocation. This transformation represents a rare example of the stereospecific hydrohalogenation of secondary allyl MIDA-boronates that proceeds in a syn-fashion.
Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) represent an intriguing class of structurally rigid hydrocarbons that can serve as the bioisosteres of benzenoids in medicinal chemistry. Methods for the synthesis of BCHs are, however, limiting. Reported herein is a facile synthesis of BCHs via a strain-release-driven [2 + 2] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) with alkenes facilitated by a pyridine-boryl radical catalyst. The mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and decent functional group tolerance of this protocol render it appealing in relevant fields of drug design and synthesis. Theoretical mechanistic studies reveal a radical relay mechanism involved. Synthetic applications of the products are conducted.
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