As 2 S 3 is one of the chalcogenide glasses that have attracted increasing interests for compression molding applications. This paper is aimed to evaluate the stress relaxation behavior of As 2 S 3 above its glass transition temperature and calculate its refractive index change during cooling. First of all, creep tests were conducted with cylinder glass specimens at three different temperatures, in order to deduce the shear stress relaxation function by using the relationship with creep compliance function. In addition, the shift factor for thermo-rheological simplicity using Williams-Landel-Ferry equation was obtained. Then, finite element simulation was implemented to verify the calculated shear stress relaxation function. The acquired shear stress relaxation function needs to be modified to compensate the influence of friction on the thickness change in the experiments, so that the simulation results using the modified shear stress relaxation would match the experiments better. Finally, the refractive index changes of As 2 S 3 at different cooling rates were modeled by using the Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan model for structural relaxation behavior. It is confirmed that the slower the cooling rate is, the less the refractive index drop will be. It was also demonstrated that the refractive index drop is strictly dependent on the cooling rate logarithmically by using Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan model. In summary, the results presented in this paper can provide reliable references for viscoelastic characterization of As 2 S 3 glass, crucial for compression molding or similar applications. K E Y W O R D SAs 2 S 3 , chalcogenide glass, compression molding, refractive index drop, stress and structural relaxation, viscoelastic

No abstract

The establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) at end-2015 has brought into sharp focus the issue of financial and economic integration in the region. This paper takes stock of ASEAN's financial integration and prospects. ASEAN integration could accelerate in the years ahead; it will likely be a safe, gradual process consistent with the "ASEAN way" of consensus decision-making. Properly phased and sequenced, closer financial integration has the potential to help increase real incomes and accelerate real convergence within ASEAN and narrow the region's gap with advanced Asia. Realizing the promise of financial integration will require ASEAN countries to make long-term investments in financial infrastructure. Policymakers can draw on the experience of their more advanced peers and of other regions. Gradualism and safeguards should not be excuses for inaction or financial protectionism. Reliance on flexible policy frameworks and a strengthened and tested regional financial safety net should be part of the agenda. Closer engagement with the Fund could also help.

Many central banks have relied on a range of policy tools, including foreign exchange intervention (FXI) and capital flow management tools (CFMs), to mitigate the effects of volatile capital flows on their economies. We develop an empirically-oriented New Keynesian model to evaluate and quantify how using multiple policy tools can potentially improve monetary policy tradeoffs. Our model embeds nonlinear balance sheet channels and includes a range of empirically-relevant frictions. We show that FXI and CFMs may improve policy tradeoffs under certain conditions, especially for economies with less well-anchored inflation expectations, substantial foreign currency mismatch, and that are more vulnerable to shocks likely to induce capital outflows and exchange rate pressures.

No abstract

Articles you may be interested inResidual stress modeling of density modulated silicon thin films using finite element analysis J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 33, 021503 (2015); 10.1116/1.4902953Thermo-mechanical characterization of glass at high temperature using the cylinder compression test. Part I: Viscoelasticity, friction, and PPV Graphene-coating on silicon wafer can prevent adhesion between silicon and glass in precision glass compression molding. The main goal of this research is to evaluate the graphene/glass interface friction coefficient, which dictates the flow behavior of glass and the durability of the silicon mold. In this research, barrel compression tests using BK7 glass were conducted at different molding temperatures. The purpose of the tests was to obtain the glass cylinder's axial displacement history and the final dimensions after pressing, both of which were decided by the friction coefficient. First, the friction coefficients were estimated by the empirical equations. Then, finite element analysis was implemented to simulate the friction behavior in the pressing stage. The roles of friction coefficient, molding temperature, and applied force were discussed separately. By comparing the experimental and numerical simulation results, both the axial displacement history plots and friction calibration curves show that the best matching friction coefficient is between 0.20 and 0.25 in the temperature range of 660-700 C. Furthermore, the specific friction coefficient values in the same temperature range were calculated using linear interpolation of the friction calibration curves, and showed good agreement with the results from the empirical equation. This study also demonstrated that the friction in the graphene/glass interface has no direct correlation with test temperature. In summary, this study revealed graphene coating's extraordinary low and stable friction behavior at high molding temperatures.

To accelerate snow and ice melting, traditional chloride-based salts are spreaded on asphalt pavement surface, causing serious environmental pollution and infrastructure corrosion. For sustained-release snow melting asphalt mixture, the snow melting agent of Mafilon is directly added to asphalt mixture by replacing partial mineral powder to develop a new type of functional asphalt mixture. In this paper, through the Marshall test, immersion Marshall test, rutting test, trabecular bending test, and Cantabro test, the effects of Mafilon addition on asphalt pavement performance is systematically analysed. Meanwhile, salt precipitation rate is measured by conductimetry to estimate effective deicing period of the pavement. Finally, a new experimental device is designed to quantitatively evaluate snow melting effect of sustained-release snow melting asphalt pavement. The experimental results show that replacing 70% of the mineral powder with Mafilon by volume can achieve satisfactory snow melting effect without affecting usability of asphalt pavement.

No abstract