Here we demonstrate flexible polymer solar cells with a record high power conversion efficiency of 8.7% and a very high specific power of 400 W kg−1, by depositing a physical blend of a conjugated semiconducting polymer and a fullerene derivative on a highly flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate.

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There is considerable interest in the controlled p-type and n-type doping of carbon nanotubes (CNT) for use in a range of important electronics applications, including the development of hybrid CNT/silicon (Si) photovoltaic devices. Here, we demonstrate that easy to handle metallocenes and related complexes can be used to both p-type and n-type dope single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) thin films, using a simple spin coating process. We report n-SWNT/p-Si photovoltaic devices that are >450 times more efficient than the best solar cells of this type currently reported and show that the performance of both our n-SWNT/p-Si and p-SWNT/n-Si devices is related to the doping level of the SWNT. Furthermore, we establish that the electronic structure of the metallocene or related molecule can be correlated to the doping level of the SWNT, which may provide the foundation for controlled doping of SWNT thin films in the future.

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Fuzzy measures can flexibly describe the relative importance of decision criterion as well as their interactions in multicriteria decision making. Based on the diamond pairwise comparison, a new identification method of 2-order additive fuzzy measure is proposed. The relative weight and the interaction degree can be obtained simultaneously for every pair of criteria in the diamond pairwise comparison. The Choquet integral-based equivalent alternative curve can help the decision maker estimate the interaction degrees between criteria. The overall importance of each criterion is obtained by the maximum eigenvector method of AHP. According to the maximum fuzzy measure entropy principal, a nonlinear programming is constructed to identify the interaction indices among criteria. Finally, an illustrative example shows the feasibility and validity of the proposed identification method.Keywords 2-order additive fuzzy measure · Interaction index · Diamond pairwise comparison · Choquet integral · Entropy of fuzzy measure · Multicriteria decision making