Garnet-type oxide is one of the most promising solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) for solid-state lithium-metal batteries (SSLMBs). However, the Li dendrite formation in garnet oxides obstructs the further development of the SSLMBs seriously. Here, we report a high-performance garnet oxide by using AlN as a sintering additive and Li as an anode interface layer. AlN with high thermal conductivity can promote the sintering activity of the garnet oxides, resulting in larger particle size and higher relative density. Moreover, Li3N with high ionic conductivity formed at grain boundaries and interface can also improve Li-ion transport kinetics. As a result, the garnet oxide electrolytes with AlN show enhanced thermal conductivity, improved ionic conductivity, reduced electronic conductivity, and increased critical current density (CCD), compared with the counterpart using Al2O3 sintering aid. In addition, Li symmetric cells and Li∣LiFePO4 (Li∣LFP) half cells using the garnet electrolyte with the AlN additive exhibit good electrochemical performances. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for high-performance SSEs.
Electrochromic energy storage devices (EESDs) are incorporating electrochromic and energy storage functions, which can visually display energy storage levels in real-time to promote the next generation of transparent battery development. However, their performances are still limited for practical applications. Herein, a self-powered EESD based on complex niobium tungsten oxide is designed using aqueous Zn 2+ and hybrid Zn 2+ /M n+ (M n+ = Al 3+ , Mg 2+ , and K + ) electrolytes. The results reveal that the use of Zn 2+ /Al 3+ hybrid electrolyte achieves superior electrochromic performances including a short self-coloring time, high optical contrast, and excellent cyclic stability. Furthermore, it is also found that the self-coloring process is accompanied by a high discharged capacity of niobium tungsten oxide, with high optical modulation in the Zn 2+ /Al 3+ hybrid electrolyte. The detailed mechanism on the performances of EESD using various electrolytes is systematically studied. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for an aqueous and self-powered EESD with high optical contrast and good cycle stability.
Garnet‐based solid state lithium batteries have attracted a lot of attention due to their potential advantages in safety and energy density. However, the high electrode–electrolyte interfacial resistance and low critical current density (CCD) related with lithium dendrite penetration have seriously hindered their further development and practical application. Here, for garnet‐type solid electrolyte, the surface Li2CO3, interlayer species, lithium wettability, interfacial impedance, and CCD are systematically investigated. It turns out that Li2CO3‐free garnet electrolyte is intrinsically lithiophilic, and the interfacial impedance is mainly affected by the amount of surface Li2CO3. In addition, the CCD values are manipulated by the interfacial impedance rather than the apparent Li wettability. This study provides a comprehensive understanding about the interrelationships among surface chemistry, lithium wettability, interfacial impedance, and critical current density for garnet‐type solid electrolytes.
Solid-state
batteries using ceramic solid electrolytes promise
to deliver enhanced energy density and intrinsic safety. However,
the challenge of integrating solid electrolytes with electrode materials
limits the electrochemical performance. Herein, we report a solvent-free
ceramic-based lithium-metal battery with good cycling stability at
a wide temperature range from 45 to 100 °C, enabled by an inorganic
ternary salt of low eutectic point. By using a garnet electrolyte
with molten salts at the electrolyte|cathode interface, the Li||LiFePO4 cells perform a long cycling with capacity retention of 81.4%
after 1000 cycles at 1 C. High-voltage LiFe0.4Mn0.6PO4 cathodes also deliver good electrochemical performance.
Specifically, commercial electrode pieces with high area capacities
can be adopted directly in the quasi-solid-state lithium-metal batteries.
These stable performances are ascribable to the low melting point,
high ionic conductivity and good thermal/electrochemical stability
of the ternary salt system. Our findings provide an effective method
on fabrication of solid-state batteries for practical applications.
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