Effective skin wound healing is a complex process involving anti-inflammation, fibrosis, matrix reconstruction, and angiogenesis. This work aimed to integrate the macrophage-mediated anti-inflammation and fibroblast-assisted matrix reconstruction for enhanced skin wound healing. Herein, we utilized the cytomembranes derived from repolarized M2 macrophages and fibroblasts to prepare the natural biologics. Results showed that the inflammatory M1 macrophages were repolarized to M2 phenotype by the M2 macrophage cytomembranes. As a consequence, the cytomembranes of M2 macrophage could facilitate the wound closure in mice. Furthermore, the addition of fibroblast membranes to the macrophage cytomembranes contributed to a better matrix reconstruction, neovascularization and angiogenesis.Next, we used a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) inhibitor to attenuate cutaneous scar formation. Therefore, our modality could promote skin wound healing and effectively suppress scar formation in the preclinical murine skin wounds. The cytomembrane biologics might provide a biocompatible and versatile tool for wound healing.
The ability to encapsulate and manipulate droplets with a picoliter volume of samples and reagents shows great potential for practical applications in chemistry, biology, and materials science. Magnetic control is a promising approach for droplet manipulation due to its ability for wireless control and its ease of implementation. However, it is challenged by the poor biocompatibility of magnetic materials in aqueous droplets. Moreover, current droplet technology is problematic because of the molecule leakage between droplets. In the paper, we propose multifunctional droplets with the surface coated by a layer of fluorinated magnetic nanoparticles for magnetically actuated droplet manipulation. Multifunctional droplets show excellent biocompatibility for cell culture, nonleakage of molecules, and high response to a magnetic field. We developed a strategy of coating the F-MNP@SiO 2 on the outer surface of droplets instead of adding magnetic material into droplets to enable droplets with a highly magnetic response. The encapsulated bacteria and cells in droplets did not need to directly contact with the magnetic materials at the outer surface, showing high biocompatibility with living cells. These droplets can be precisely manipulated based on magnet distance, the time duration of the magnetic field, the droplet size, and the MNP composition, which well match with theoretical analysis. The precise magnetically actuated droplet manipulation shows great potential for accurate and sensitive droplet-based bioassays like single cell analysis.
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