Despite the long-term benefit of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) to customers and environment, the initial cost and limited driving range present significant barriers for wide spread commercialization. The integration of multi-speed transmissions to BEVs' powertrain systems in place of fixed ratio reduction transmissions is considered as a feasible method to improve powertrain efficiency and extend limited driving range for a fixed battery size. The aim of this paper is to enable the researchers or BEV manufacturers, especially for transmission systems, to estimate whether their products are worthwhile for the customer in terms of the price/performance relationship of others' design solutions. To do so a generic battery electric vehicle is modelled in Matlab/Simulink® to predict motor efficiency and energy consumption for single reduction, two speeds Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT) and simplified Continuous Variable Transmission (CVT) equipped battery electric vehicles. A credible conclusion is gained, through experimental validation of single speed and two speeds DCT scenarios and reasonable assumptions to support the CVT scenario, that both two speeds DCT and simplified CVT improve the overall powertrain efficiency, save battery energy and reduce customer costs. However, each of the configurations has unique cost and energy consumption related trade-offs.
A regenerative braking system and hydraulic braking system are used in conjunction in the majority of electric vehicles worldwide. We propose a new regenerative braking distribution strategy that is based on multi-input fuzzy control logic while considering the influences of the battery's state of charge, the brake strength and the motor speed. To verify the braking performance and recovery economy, this strategy was applied to a battery electric vehicle model and compared with two other improved regenerative braking strategies. The performance simulation was performed using standard driving cycles (NEDC, LA92, and JP1015) and a real-world-based urban cycle in China. The tested braking strategies satisfied the general safety requirements of Europe (as specified in ECE-13H), and the emergency braking scenario and economic potential were tested. The simulation results demonstrated the differences in the braking force distribution performance of these three regenerative braking strategies, the feasibility of the braking methods for the proposed driving cycles and the energy economic potential of the three strategies.
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