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The clearest career path to the middle class generally involves access, and completion, of postsecondary education. For youth with disabilities, the knowledge and skills obtained through a college can limit the impact of a disability on obtaining high-quality employment. However, persons with disabilities are less likely to enroll in postsecondary education programs or graduate from those programs compared with their same-age peers without disabilities (Stodden, Stodden, Kim-Rupnow, Thai Nghi, & Galloway, 2003; Stodden, Whelley, Chang, & Harding, 2001). The lower attendance and higher attrition rates of youth with disabilities may be due to less effective study habits, study skills, and test-taking strategies than students without dis

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This is a systematic review of systematic reviews of secondary health conditions, health promotion interventions, and employment in people with intellectual disabilities. Articles were included if they reported a systematic review of health and employment, secondary health conditions, and health promotion interventions for people with intellectual disabilities. The methodological quality of the included reviews was reviewed using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews quality rating system, a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews. Twenty-five systematic reviews were included. There was evidence that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) were at elevated risk for secondary health conditions, health promotion interventions can improve physical and mental health conditions, and employment is associated with better health-related quality of life. Health promotion intervention to help people with ID engage in health promoting behaviors can improve health and their ability to find and maintain employment.

The VOES is a brief, reliable and valid instrument for assessing vocational outcome expectancy in individuals with SMI that can be integrated into SDT/SET as a vocational rehabilitation engagement and recovery model in psychiatric rehabilitation.