phase stabilizing, [8] charge carrier management, [9] pseudo-halide anion engineering, [10] and intact 2D/3D perovskite bilayer employment; [5] up to 25.5% certificated PCE of the device has been reported.Most of the previous investigations were focused on inner device factors such as materials and junctions of the PSC. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] However, gathering entire light wavelength (350-850 nm) and putting it into the PSC are equally important to enhancing the PCE by controlling the mechanism inside the PSC. Once a sticker-type anti-reflective (AR) film is simply attached to the device, it effectively increases light transition efficiency (LTE, defined as the amount of external light transmitted to the device) independently of the development of inner device technology. On account of efficient transference of external sunlight into the PSC with the aid of AR film, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of PSC increases across the entire wavelength which means increase of short-circuit current density (J sc ). [18,19] Therefore, the application of proper sticker-type AR film to PSCs is the most effective and easiest approach to increasing the PCE of the photovoltaic devices. [20,21] Such a sticker-type AR film has been continuously developed with the progress of PSC, with the help of its high LTE and easy applicability on transparent substrates. [22][23][24][25] To obtain high LTE for PSC, the highest priority for AR film is to reduce reflection of incident light by effectively reducing the difference in refractive index (n) that occurs at the substrate interface, because the reflection is caused by the sudden change of refractive index at the interface between the air and substrate. Therefore, it is necessary to use a material with low refractive index for AR film. In addition, forming nanostructures on surface of the AR film can enhance the AR effect based on the structural gradient change of the refractive index from air to substrate. [26][27][28][29] Furthermore, in order to expand and commercialize the gradually developing PSC technology, advanced AR film that can be easily applied to flexible and lightweight PSC (that is important for the wearable and portable electronic devices) is needed. For this reason, a sticker-type ultra-thin AR film is essential. The thinner the AR film attached to the flexible PSC, the better the mechanical stability of the device due to the reduction of the applied stress on the perovskite layer. [30] However, the commercial AR film is developed by biasing toward Sticker-type anti-reflective (AR) film is a powerful route to achieve the highest efficiency and commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by improving the light transition efficiency (LTE). However, conventionally used AR film has high flexural rigidity owing to its limitation of material and thickness, thereby hindering its application to high-efficiency flexible devices. This paper proposes a sticker-type ultra-thin perfluoropolyether (PFPE) AR film (SUPA) made of PFPE (n = 1.34) that is fabricated thro...
Since the first report on the superomniphobic surfaces was published in 2007, [1] extensive research on the functional surfaces that can repel various surface tension liquids with high contact angle (CA, >≈150°) and low contact angle hysteresis (CAH, <∼≈10°) has been conducted. [2][3][4][5] Consequently, it is now well understood that negative slope shapes such as the re-entrant profile of microstructures are critical factors in achieving robust and energetically favorable superomniphobic surfaces. [6][7][8] More recently, several research groups effectively demonstrated omniphobic, liquid sliding and slippery surfaces by drawing inspiration from nature such as springtail, [9][10][11] rice leaf, [12,13] and pitcher plant. [14][15][16][17] These liquid repellent surfaces have many practical applications, ranging from academia to precision industries such as microfluidics, electronic devices, oil-water separation system, and oil collecting or transportation area. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Despite the above remarkable findings, normal liquid repellent surfaces are not capable of inducing a selective liquid sliding property between water and oil maintaining superomniphobic properties. Moreover, it is difficult to develop unique oil sliding surfaces that have a higher roll-off angle (ROA) of water than oil. This is due to the fact that oil has relatively low surface tension than water, which results in the water getting repelled Herein, a mushroom-like reentrant structure is proposed, inspired by springtails, to create a selective liquid sliding surface by implementing a simple yet sturdy silicon fabrication and lithography method. The fabricated arrays display high structural fidelity, presenting a novel geometry of a concave tip. The mushroom-like head shape of these structures is found to have superomniphobicity, which is independent of a variation of temperatures for even low surface tension liquids such as mineral oil. A design rule for the novel cap of the proposed structures, which results in a selective liquid sliding property with deionized (DI) water and mineral oil, is also investigated. It is demonstrated that oil starts to slide at a roll-off angle (ROA) 10° and then DI water rolls off at ROA 15° on the same fabricated transparent and flexible surface with repeatable durability. www.advancedsciencenews.com
We report a reliable and robust method for the fabrication of bioinspired superomniphobic surfaces with precise concave-cap-shaped micropillar arrays. This method includes silicon-based conventional microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and polymer replication processes. We have elucidated two critical cases of fabrication rules for precise micromachining of a negative-shaped bioinspired silicon master. The fabricated polymeric structure replicated from the semipermanent silicon master based on the design rules exhibited high structural fidelity and robustness. Finally, we validated the superomniphobic properties, structural durability, and long-term stability of the fabricated bioinspired surfaces.
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