The Quenching and Partitioning (QP) steels have received increasing attention due to the balance of high strength and good ductility, which results from transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect. In this study, the macroscopic flow behavior and deformationinduced martensitic transformation (DIMT) of QP steels at quasi-static strain rate and elevated temperature have been investigated by uniaxial tension and X-ray diffraction. In addition, temperature increment during quasi-static strain rate tensile tests are measured by infrared camera. A temperature dependent transformation kinetics model considering deformation induced heating is developed to study the explanation of strain rate dependent DIMT. The model indicates that the influence of deformation induced heating at quasi-static strain rate on DIMT is obvious. But, it is insufficient to explain strain rate dependent DIMT solely. Then, an assumption of temperature gradient is introduced to correct the model. The modified model incorporating temperature and strain rate well describes the DIMT behavior of QP steels at quasi-static strain rate and elevated temperature.
Many medicinal plants contain diosgenin, which has a significant medicinal value. However, there is currently no effective and rapid analytical method to determine the diosgenin content of plants or products. In the present work we have developed an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitative determination of diosgenin in herbal medicines. Diosgenin was conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) for immunization. A polyclonal antibody developed in rabbits against a diosgenin-BSA conjugate was shown to be specific for diosgenin. The developed ELISA assay was highly sensitive, specific, and easy to perform. In addition, it gave more precise results with less variation than other methods that have been used in the past, including gravimetric and spectrophotometric assays, and correlated well with high-performance liquid chromatography. The diosgenin content determined by ELISA varied widely, with the highest and lowest values in rhizomes or tubers of Paris polyphylla and Dioscorea opposita Thunb. "Jiao-ban Yam", respectively, differing by more than 9000-fold. These results suggest that the ELISA method can be used as a rapid, simple, sensitive, and accurate tool for quantitative analysis of samples containing diosgenin, and may provide an important criterion for quality evaluation and a valuable tool for quality control of diosgenin-containing medicinal plants.
Global warming has been linked to declines in tree growth. However, it is unclear how the asymmetry in daytime and nighttime warming influences this response. Here, we use 2947 residual tree‐ring width chronologies covering 32 species at 2493 sites, between 1901 and 2018, across the Northern Hemisphere, to analyze the effects of daytime and nighttime temperatures, precipitation, and drought stress on the radial growth of trees. We show that drought stress was primarily triggered by daytime rather than nighttime warming. The radial growth of trees was more sensitive to drought stress in warm regions than in cold regions, especially for angiosperms. Our study provides robust evidence that daytime warming is the primary driver of the observed declines in forest productivity related to drought stress and that daytime and nighttime warming should be considered separately when modelling forest–climate interactions and feedbacks in a future, warmer world.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.