Quinoa is a plant commonly-resistance to adverse biotic and abiotic factors. However, this crop can be affected by phytopathogenic fungi. There is a lack of knowledge about the fungi associated with quinoa plants in Colombia. Through morphological and molecular identification in this study were identified four Fusarium species associated with quinoa crops: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium equiseti, and Fusarium culmorum. For this, we collected samples of panicles, leaf tissue, root tissue, and soil for isolation of different isolates of Fusarium. We performed a pathogenicity test of the fungi strains, under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the pathogenicity in seedlings of the Piartal cultivar with two inoculation methods. First inoculating the stem through a nodal wound or second inoculating the abaxial face with a brush. The results indicate the presence of four species with both molecular markers, phylogenetically distributed in these groups. The four species turned out to be pathogenic but with different degrees of virulence with significant differences between F. graminearum and F. oxysporum depending on the inoculation method. This is the first report on the presence of Fusarium species isolated from Quinoa in Colombia.
La producción pesquera en Colombia representa una actividad económica creciente. Entre las especies más consumidas, se encuentran la trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) y el bagre (Brachyplatistoma sp.). El primero fue introducido al país a finales de la década de los 30, mientras que el bagre es una especie propia de Latinoamérica. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la calidad microbiológica de una trucha y un bagre comercializados en Tunja, y realizar una comparación microbiológica de las dos muestras. Para ello, se emplearon medios selectivos y diferenciales para el aislamiento de patógenos como coliformes, Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp. y Staphylococcus aureus coagulasa positiva. Los resultados evidenciaron la presencia de cepas de Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, y Vibrio spp. Finalmente, se concluye que las muestras analizadas, pese a ser de diferente origen comercial y contar con condiciones de hábitat y alimentación completamente diferentes, no cumplen con los requisitos microbiológicos para ser comercializadas y podrían representar una potencial amenaza para la salud del consumidor.
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