A number of studies investigated the distribution of BMD values and the prevalence of osteoporosis in China, but their findings varied. Until now, a BMD reference database based on uniform measurements in a large-scale Chinese population has been lacking. A total of 75,321 Chinese adults aged 20 years and older were recruited from seven centers between 2008 and 2018. BMD values at the lumbar spine (L 1 -L 4 ), femoral neck, and total femur were measured by GE Lunar dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry systems. BMD values measured in each center were cross-calibrated by regression equations that were generated by scanning the same European spine phantom 10 times at every center. Cubic and multivariate linear regression were performed to assess associations between BMD values and demographic variables. Sex-specific prevalence of osteoporosis was age-standardized based on the year 2010 national census data for the Chinese population. The sex-specific BMD values at each site were negatively associated with age, positively associated with body mass index levels, and lower in the participants from southwest China than in those from other geographic regions after multivariate adjustment. Furthermore, BMD values at the femoral neck and total femur decreased with the year of BMD measurement. The peak BMD values at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femur were 1.088 g/cm 2 , 0.966 g/cm 2 , and 0.973 g/cm 2 , respectively, for men, and 1.114 g/cm 2 , 0.843 g/cm 2 , and 0.884 g/cm 2 , respectively, for women. The age-standardized prevalence of osteoporosis at the spine or hip was 6.46% and 29.13% for men and women aged 50 years and older, respectively. Currently a total of 10.9 million men and 49.3 million women in China are estimated to have osteoporosis. In our national examination of BMD, we found that BMD values differed by demographic characteristics. We estimated the age-standardize prevalence of osteoporosis in China to be 6.46% and 29.13% respectively, for men and women aged 50 years and older. 2018, 75,546 participants were enrolled. After the exclusion of one participant with a description error of the BMD measurement site, one participant who was measured in 1998, 214 participants with missing data on BMD values, and nine participants with BMI <10 kg/m 2 or >50 kg/m 2 , a total of 75,321 ◼ 2 ZENG ET AL.

The effects of EA L14 in regulating cerebral activities could be displayed and recorded through BOLD fMRI, the distribution of signally deactivated area evoked by EA L14 was similar to the known distribution of anatomical orientation of pain in brain, and closely related to the anatomic structure of limbic system, which areas are possibly the acupuncture analgesic effect's cerebral regulating area. Furthermore, activated portion of left central anterior gyrus, which represent the movement of oral facial muscles, and the activated portion of cerebellum are possibly related with the effect of using EA L14 in treating facial palsy and facial muscle spasm. As for the mechanism of signal deactivation of cerebral activities exhibited in the present study that is unable to be elucidated, it awaits for further research.

on-current I c2on is larger than the off-state current I c2off , and a large on-current through the passives causes larger loss. MEASUREMENT RESULTSThe VCOs were designed and fabricated in the TSMC 0.18 lm 1P6M CMOS technology. Figure 3 shows the micrograph of the proposed VCO with a chip area of 0.991 3 0.815 mm 2 including all test pads and dummy metal. Four inductors L are shown. With the supply voltage of V dd 5 0.8 V, the low-/high-band current and power consumption of the core VCO are 6.55/6.85 mA and 5.24/5.48 mW, respectively. Figure 4 shows the tuning ranges of the oscillation frequency while varying V tune . While the control voltage V tune was tuned from 0 to 2.0 V, the VCO operates between 4.5/7.18 and 4.64/7.55 GHz. Figure 4(a) shows the output spectrum at 4.63 GHz, with 211.88 dBm output power. Figure 5(b) shows the output spectrum at 7.46 GHz, with 22.04 dBm output power. The measured high-band/lowband phase noise shown in Figure 6 is 2124.25/2115.84 dBc/ Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency from the center frequency. The measured phase noise shows the 1/Dx 2 -dependence at the offset frequency greater than 1 MHz. and the 1/Dx 3 -dependence at the offset frequency between 100 KHz and 1 MHz. The high-/lowband figure of merit (FOM) is 2194.25/2182.29 dBc/Hz. The FOM is calculated using the equation defined bywhere L{Dx} is the single side-band phase noise measured at Dx offset from x o carrier frequency and P DC is DC power consumption in mW. Table 1 is the performance comparison. CONCLUSIONA novel dual-band standing wave VCO with LH LC network has been proposed and successfully implemented. The dual-band function is based on fundamental and harmonic mode switching using MOSFET as the switching device. The dual-band operation has been obtained by exciting harmonic-mode operation using the MOSFET switch without the need to reconfigure the LH LC network. The VCO generates differential signals in the high-band frequency range of 7.18-7.55 GHz and in the lowband frequency range of 4.5-4.64 GHz. The measured data show the proposed fundamental and high-order harmonic mode switching technique can be used to design a dual-band VCO with good FOM. ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe experimental support of CIC is acknowledged. REFERENCES 1.

A compact triple-band planar antenna applied to UMTS, WiFi and WiMAX applications is proposed. The proposed antenna provides three wide frequency bands, which are 1744 -2759 MHz, 3271-4126 MHz and 4718 -5908 MHz, realized in a commercial FR4 printedcircuit board (PCB) with a permittivity of 4.4 and thickness of 0.6 mm. Both simulation and measurement are pretty matched and indicate that the proposed antenna achieves gains to be 3.5, 3.0, and 2.5 dBi at 2.4, 3.5, and 5.2 GHz, respectively. The antenna dimension is 52.8 ϫ 31.2 mm 2 , smaller than presently published antennas discussed in comparison table.

A 5.8‐GHz frequency synthesizer using wideband LC‐tank voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) for worldwide interoperability for microwave access applications with a 1.8 V voltage supply has been designed and successfully implemented in TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS process. In this proposed circuit, two important ideas are applied. First, a 3‐bit binary weighted capacitor array in the VCO is adopted to extend the tuning range and reduce the phase noise. Second, a class‐AB current mode logic is utilized in first divider stage to handle the high frequency signal. Measured results show that output frequency of VCO is tunable from 5.3 to 6.1 GHz corresponding to 14.1%, and phase noise is −110.2 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, output power spectrum is −9.24 dBm at frequency of 5.73 GHz, power consumption is 32 mW, and including pads, chip area is 0.53 (0.82 × 0.65) mm2. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2931–2935, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26405

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BackgroundFamilial papillary thyroid cancer (fPTC) is recognized as a distinct entity only recently and no fPTC predisposing genes have been identified. Several potential regions and susceptibility loci for sporadic PTC have been reported. We aimed to evaluate the role of the reported susceptibility loci and potential risk genomic region in a Chinese familial multinodular goiter (fMNG) with PTC family.MethodsWe sequenced the related risk genomic regions and analyzed the known PTC susceptibility loci in the Chinese family members who consented to join the study. These loci included (1) the point mutations of the BRAF and RET; (2) the possible susceptibility loci to sporadic PTC; and (3) the suggested potential fMNG syndrome with PTC risk region.ResultsThe members showed no mutations in the common susceptible BRAF and RET genomic region, although contained several different heterozygous alleles in the RET introns. All the members were homozygous for PTC risk alleles of rs966423 (C) at chromosome 2q35, rs2910164 (C) at chromosome 5q24 and rs2439302 (G) at chromosome 8p12; while carried no risk allele of rs4733616 (T) at chromosome 8q24, rs965513 (A) or rs1867277 (A) at chromosome 9q22 which were associated with radiation-related PTC. The frequency of the risk allele of rs944289 (T) but not that of rs116909374 (T) at chromosome 14q13 was increased in the MNG or PTC family members.ConclusionsOur work provided additional evidence to the genetic predisposition to a Chinese familial form of MNG with PTC. The family members carried quite a few risk alleles found in sporadic PTC; particularly, homozygous rs944289 (T) at chromosome 14q13 which was previously shown to be linked to a form of fMNG with PTC. Moreover, the genetic determinants of radiation-related PTC were not presented in this family.

A low‐chip area and low‐phase noise phase‐locked loop (PLL) combining fractional‐N and integer‐N modes operating at 2.4 GHz band is proposed and fabricated in TSMC 0.18‐μm CMOS process.The proposed PLL with a Gm‐boosted Colpitts voltage‐controlled oscillator improves phase noise and a hybrid design of different divider loops achieves fast lock. At 1.8 V supply voltage, the proposed PLL shows a wide tuning range from 2.14 to 2.36 GHz, corresponding to 9.7%, a phase noise of −119.3 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 1 MHz from the carrier frequency of 2.14 GHz, a power consumption of 17.3 mW, and an output power of −15.37 dBm. Including pads, the chip area only occupies 0.588 (0.87 × 0.67) mm2. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2295–2300, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27082