The gut microbiota is critical for maintaining human health and the immunological system. Several neuroscientific studies have shown the significance of microbiota in developing brain systems. The gut microbiota and the brain are interconnected in a bidirectional relationship, as research on the microbiome–gut–brain axis shows. Significant evidence links anxiety and depression disorders to the community of microbes that live in the gastrointestinal system. Modified diet, fish and omega-3 fatty acid intake, macro- and micro-nutrient intake, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and 5-HTP regulation may all be utilized to alter the gut microbiota as a treatment approach. There are few preclinical and clinical research studies on the effectiveness and reliability of various therapeutic approaches for depression and anxiety. This article highlights relevant research on the association of gut microbiota with depression and anxiety and the different therapeutic possibilities of gut microbiota modification.

Chitin, which may be the second-most common polymer after cellulose, is the raw material of chitosan. Chitosan has been infused with various plant extracts and subsidiary polymers to improve its biological and physiological properties. Chitosan’s physicochemical properties are enhanced by blending, making them potential candidates that can be utilized in multifunctional areas, including food processing, nutraceuticals, food quality monitoring, food packaging, and storage. Chitosan-based biomaterials are biocompatible, biodegradable, low toxic, mucoadhesive, and regulate chemical release. Therefore, they are used in the biomedical field. The present manuscript highlights the application of chitosan-based composites in the food and biomedical industries.

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Enzymes are proteins and bio-catalyst. They are responsible for initiating a specific response to a specific outcome. In the dairy industry numerous enzymes are used; rennet and proteolytic enzymes. These enzymes are used for the coagulation and ripening of cheese. Enzymes are also used to increase the nutritional value of dairy products to alleviate the state of malnutrition. This review paper converges on

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During space exploration, the human body is subjected to altered atmospheric environments and gravity, exposure to radiation, sleep disturbance, and mental pressures; all these factors are responsible for cardiovascular diseases. Under microgravity, the physiological changes related to cardiovascular diseases are the cephalic fluid shift, dramatic reduction in central venous pressure, changes in blood rheology and endothelial function, cerebrovascular abnormalities, headaches, optic disc edema, intracranial hypertension, congestion of the jugular vein, facial swelling, and loss of taste. Generally, five countermeasures are used to maintain cardiovascular health (during and after space missions), including shielding, nutritional, medicinal, exercise, and artificial gravity. This article concludes with how to reduce space missions' impact on cardiovascular health with the help of various countermeasures.

Advancements of the last decade in edge computing, edge IoT, and edge artificial intelligence now allow for autonomous, efficient, and intelligent systems to be proposed for various industrial applications. Intelligence agricultural solutions allow farmers to achieve more with less while improving quality and providing a rapid go-to-market approach for produce. Using AI is an effective technique to detect any crop health concerns or nutrient inadequacies in the field. Plant diseases affect the food system, economy, and environment. This chapter covers intelligent agriculture & challenges in front of technology. It focuses AI application using machine learning, artificial neural network (ANN), and deep learning. The various AI applications in agriculture for land monitoring, crop and varietal selection, smart irrigation or automation of irrigation, monitoring of crop health, crop disease detection, predictive analytics, weed control, precision agriculture, harvesting, yield estimation and phenotyping, supply chain management, and food quality.

Background: Malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and death in children under the age of five. A large child population is suffering from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and it is not possible to admit every child for treatment in hospitals. SAM may be treated simply by providing calorie-dense, protein-rich, vitamin- and mineral-fortified meals at home. In India, there are 132 million children under the age of five, and 8 million of them are affected by malnutrition. As a result, there is a demand for locally made ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) comparable to WHO-recommended RUTF, which should be efficient, safe, and easily accessible. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a RUTF from locally available raw materials, such as barley flour, ghee, peanut, sugar, and flaxseeds. Methods: For the development of optimized RUTF, an I-Optimal mixture design with three variable and three non-variable factors was used. Thirty semi-trained panelists participated in sensory analysis. The finally optimized RUTF (with high desirability) was further analyzed. The optimized RUTF composition included malted-roasted barley flour (25 gm), roasted peanut (25 gm), powdered sugar (20 gm), desi ghee (20 gm), and roasted flax seeds (10 gm). Results: The optimized RUTF (100gm) provided 522.72 ± 0.031 kcal total energy, and the protein-energy, fat–energy, and carbohydrate-energy ratio of RUTF were found to be 11.98 %, 51.66 %, and 37.45 %, respectively. Conclusion: The developed RUTF from locally produced is comparable to WHO-approved RUTFs.