Background:
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening, aggressive syndrome. It can be primary, which involves genetic mutation with an early presentation, or secondary to infections, malignancies, etc., due to absence of immune downregulation. It is a very rare condition in newborns. Dengue is a potential virus causing HLH, but, in newborns, there are only few case reports and limited clinical literature.
Observation:
Herein, in this report, we highlight a case of neonatal HLH, triggered by perinatal dengue. The neonate manifested clinically within the first week of life, the earliest reported timeline so far in the literature.
Conclusion:
HLH should be excluded in neonates especially when multisystem involvement cannot be explained by sepsis alone.
Bone marrow necrosis (BMN) is a rare condition, mostly described with hematological malignancies. Association of BMN with sepsisinduced macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is rarely reported in the literature. Recently, we managed a 10-year-old girl with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis and MAS who had extensive BMN. Patient initially improved with antibiotics, source control, supportive care and immunomodulatory therapies (intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone). However, she succumbed to transfusion-related acute lung injury. Sepsis, MAS and BMN seem to represent increasing levels of immune dysregulation, hypercytokinemia and hyperinflammation.
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