The article presents a semiotic model of “aircraft conditions” in flight and multilevel structures of an aircraft. The hierarchical structure of abstract models is divided into blocks and levels that make them more compact by applying a mathematical apparatus corresponding to the goals sated. The above models were tested on the basis of statistical data on TU-154 aircraft failures for 10 years. Various aircraft functional system failures in flight were examined. The state of the aircraft is identified by normative indicators recorded in the “Aircraft Technical Operation Manual”.
At the heart of airline flight safety management is a systematic approach to identifying hazards and controlling risk factors,
which ICAO requires to collect, analyze all deviations in the activities of units, services and personnel airlines and use of its results to develop
and implement management activities. That kind of the system enables the organization to predict and fix problems before they lead to an aviation
accident. Thus, the organizational management structure should ensure high efficiency, reliability and completeness of the control over all components
that ensure the process of the air transportation: the course of transportation, the clear operation of all units in the uninterrupted transport process
and their correct matching. In modern conditions, this result is achieved based on a process approach, when the company’s activities are presented as
a set of production processes (activities). For each of these areas, the airline has appropriate management systems that are developed, certified,
implemented and operated in accordance with international standards. As a result of the interaction of these processes, the goals of the aviation
enterprise, which determine its competitiveness, are achieved.
In the field of security in transport distinguish risks related to flight safety and aviation security. Safety of flights is ensured through the reliability of aviation equipment and the qualification of the personnel who services and operates it, aviation security is a condition of protection from illegal interference in its activity. Risk management in civil aviation in the field of security is a relatively new direction of activity. Deep research in this area began only at the beginning of the XXI century. It is quite difficult to use the existing experience of risk management, accumulated in other spheres, as civil aviation has significant features. Various methods and schemes can be used to assess risks. The article discusses various options for predicting risks using the “event tree” and “risk factor tree” methods.
Abnormal situations in flight arise when an aircraft in normal flight mode is exposed to one or more unfavourable factors. Therefore, such situations have a pronounced random nature. To assess the degree of danger of contingencies, it is convenient to use the Airworthiness Standards governing the list of situations and probability of their occurrence in flight. The degree of danger can be determined from the assumption that during the life of the aircraft each of the four contingencies will give the same level of risk. By combining all contingency situations with their normalized indicators and using this assumption, we can quantitatively determine their degree of danger (risk level) in the form of probabilistic indicators.
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