A bstract Background Managing a child's anxiety is most critical for the success of treatment in the pediatric dental setup. Present trend advocates the use of non-aversive behavior management techniques. Aim and objective To compare and evaluate the efficacy of aromatherapy using orange essential oil with that of music distraction in the management of anxious pediatric dental patients. Design One hundred and fifty children of the age 6–8 years were divided into three groups of 50 each and performed restorative treatment under aromatherapy, with music distraction, without aromatherapy, or music distraction, respectively. Venham's picture test and facial image scale (FIS), pulse rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation were recorded before and after the procedure. Results Compared with controls, both the aromatherapy group and music distraction group showed significant posttreatment change in anxiety levels with respect to Venham's picture test and FIS, along with the reduction in pulse rate and respiratory rate. When compared between music distraction and aromatherapy, it did not yield statistical significance, though music distraction showed better results compared to aromatherapy. Conclusion Both music distraction and aromatherapy using orange essential oil are effective in anxiety management of which music distraction presents a comparatively better result. Either these non-invasive techniques alone or a combination of both may be employed in the dental setup of pediatric dentists for molding cooperative patients. How to cite this article James J, Retnakumari N, Vadakkepurayil K, e t a l. Effectiveness of Aromatherapy and Music Distraction in Managing Pediatric Dental Anxiety: A Comparative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(2):249–253.
A BSTRACT Background and Objectives: It has been found that the microorganism behind the failure of root-filled teeth is Enterococcus faecalis , which shows resistance to most of the intra-canal medicaments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of three intra-canal medications—calcium hydroxide with saline, combinations of calcium hydroxide with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), and calcium hydroxide with 5% povidone-iodine—against E. faecalis in dentinal tubules of human incisors. Materials and Methods: Forty permanent maxillary central incisors were made into standardized segments and infected with E. faecalis . They were treated with a paste made of calcium hydroxide and 2% CHX, calcium hydroxide and 5% povidone-iodine, and calcium hydroxide and saline for 1 week. Dentinal shavings collected from the canal were suspended in thioglycollate broth solution and spread on brain heart infusion agar. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were enumerated and the CFU per milligram of dentin was calculated. The pH of the medicaments used was measured with the help of pH meter. Results: The results showed that the paste made from calcium hydroxide and 2% CHX was significantly more effective than that made from calcium hydroxide and povidone-iodine, and calcium hydroxide and saline. The addition of CHX or povidone-iodine did not affect the alkalinity of calcium hydroxide. Conclusion: This study concludes that Ca(OH) 2 + 2% CHX are effective against E. faecalis . Combinations of calcium hydroxide and 5% povidone-iodine showed better antibacterial effect than calcium hydroxide and saline. Ca(OH) 2 + saline was ineffective against E. faecalis .
A 12-year-old boy was referred to the Department of Pedodontics, with the chief complaint of multiple decayed teeth. Detailed physical examination by the Paediatrician revealed numerous skin abscesses and pruritic dermatitis on scalp, face, limbs and trunk. The nails were showing definitive koilonychia with no evidence of icterus, cyanosis, lymphadenopathy and pedal oedema.Medical history revealed episodes of recurrent abscesses in different parts of the body, associated with recurrent fever, cough and episodes of haemoptysis with the pus culture showing positivity for Staphylococcus aureus. Computed Tomography (CT) scan report of thorax showed thick walled bronchiectatic cavities with air fluid level in outer segments of right upper lobe and post-basal segment of right lower lobe. Haematological examination revealed that the white blood cell count was 19240 cells/µL with 71% neutrophils, and an elevated eosinophils level at 12%. Haemoglobin level was at 8.9 gram% with haematocrit at 28.9%. The serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) level showed elevation to 16,025 IU/ml with the other immunoglobulins at normal range except for the reduction in IgM level.Facial and intra-oral examination revealed the characteristic coarse facial form, prominent forehead, rough facial skin, deep set wide spaced eyes, broad nasal bridge, wide fleshy nasal tip, Class III skeletal pattern, mild facial asymmetry with an old man appearance [Table/ Fig-1]. Mild cervical lymphadenopathy, angular cheilitis, depapillation and fissuring of the tongue [Table/ Fig-2], high arched palate, multiple keratotic/erosive areas on tongue and buccal mucosa, multiple non-specific ulcers on gingiva and poor oral hygiene were also noted. Dental examination revealed multiple carious lesions and root stumps of teeth # 52, 62, 71, 72, 81 and 82 with poor oral hygiene. Orthopantomogram (OPG) revealed absence of permanent tooth buds of teeth # 12, 22, 31, 32, 41, 42 and a supernumerary tooth in relation to tooth # 34 [Table/ Fig-3]. Extraction of root stumps and necessary restorations were done to eliminate all infectious foci. The patient was referred back to the Department of Paediatrics for further evaluation.
Plasma-cell gingivitis (PCG) is an uncommon inflammatory condition of idiopathic etiology. PCG is a rare condition, appearing as erythema (redness) and edema (swelling) of the attached gingiva. The diagnosis of PCG is based on arrant history taking, clinical examination, and appropriate diagnostic tests. Here, we are presenting a case of PCG in a 12-year-old boy, its management and treatment outcome after 3 years of regular follow-up in tertiary health-care center in North Kerala.
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