Purpose The purpose of this study is firstly to analyze whether the determining factors of the entrepreneurial intention of academics are the same for men and women and test whether their degree of importance varies depending on gender, and secondly to test whether the lesser entrepreneurial intention of women detected in previous studies is because of the lesser presence of the determining factors of entrepreneurial intention among women or, on the contrary, is determined by the existence of implicit barriers that do not depend on these factors. Design/methodology/approach After conducting a survey on a sample of 1,178 academics, the results of a linear regression model confirm the hypothesis that female academics have less of an entrepreneurial intention. Findings Moreover, through the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition, it is observed that this lesser female entrepreneurial behavior is not because of the absence of any of the factors considered as determinants of entrepreneurial intention, but instead is related to the existence of implicit barriers for women that influence their entrepreneurial intention. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that a study of this nature has been conducted internationally. Unlike other studies on academic entrepreneurship, the authors do not restrict the sample to one or two universities but rather aim the study at all universities in Spain and, therefore, at all academics from all branches of knowledge.

The study of multidimensional deprivation has become one of the most relevant lines of research in the analysis of low‐income households. The search for significant relationships between multidimensional deprivation and income poverty has been a central issue and most empirical studies have found a very weak link. This paper aims at examining the possibility of an aggregation bias in national‐level studies, which could conceal disparities between regions. As regional differences and decentralization processes stand out in Spain as compared to other OECD countries, we focus the analysis on this country. Latent class models are used to define deprivation indices using the Spanish EU‐SILC. The results seem to show that the absence of significant relationships between both phenomena still holds at a regional level. The decomposition methods used in the paper show that it might be due to some regional singularities in some determining factors of income and multidimensional poverty.

The promotion of academic entrepreneurship through the creation of university spin-offs (USOs) as a transfer system has been enhanced during the last two decades. This commitment of universities and public policy makers has been based mainly on the use of investments of public funds in universities and the capacity for such investments to create employment and economic growth. In this sense, entrepreneurial skills are one of the strongest determinants of intention. For this reason, the present study proposes the use of the paradigm known as Big Five, which proposes as personality variables those recognized by the acronym OCEAN (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) to recognize if they are determinants of entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial intent, all through the application of Theory Planed Behavior (TPB). To study the influence of entrepreneurial skills, a self-administrated questionnaire was sent to more than 33,000 Spanish academics. The responses yielded a sample size of 799. The results show that entrepreneurial skills are the prime determinants of attitude and perceived control, and attitude is the decisive factor that determines the intention to go into business. Therefore, investment in training and the cultivation of skills and attitudes constitute the most relevant factors for achieving an increase in the creation of USOs.

Usually, an indirect approach for measuring deprivation or poverty is used with poverty lines. However, some studies have used a direct approach to measure deprivation or poverty. The aim of this paper is improving the identification of the poor people. The central point of the concept of deprivation we use is related to the opportunity to have or do something. Therefore, deprivation means an inability to get the goods, facilities and opportunities, which are usual in the household environment. Since all of the needed variables are categorical, we use the latent class model to solve this problem because is the best model to achieve this objective. JEL classification numbers: I31, I32

Olfactory marketing has been increasing its presence in commercial environments in recent years thanks to its influence on perceptions, evaluations, and behaviour. However, the number of scientific studies on the issue is limited, and this is even more true for nonprofit environments. The aim of this experiment is to provide empirical answers about the influence of smell on the evaluation and behavior of the consumer of nonprofit services, specifically the museum consumer. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out at the González Santana Museum over four weeks in March and April 2017, during which three rooms in the museum were filled with scents considered to be congruent. The results obtained from the MANCOVA analysis demonstrate scent having a significant influence on perceptions and evaluations, as well as on the intentions to revisit the institution, and significant repercussions for management and researching can be derived from this.