Summary
Background
Effectiveness of vedolizumab in real world clinical practice is unknown.
Aim
To evaluate the short and long‐term effectiveness of vedolizumab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Methods
Patients who received at least 1 induction dose of vedolizumab were included. Effectiveness was defined based on Harvey‐Bradshaw index (HBI) in Crohn's disease (CD) and Partial Mayo Score (PMS) in ulcerative colitis (UC). Short‐term response was assessed at week 14. Variables associated with short‐term remission were identified by logistic regression analysis. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to evaluate the long‐term durability of vedolizumab treatment. Cox model was used to identify factors associated with discontinuation of treatment and loss of response.
Results
521 patients were included (median follow‐up 10 months [interquartile range 5‐18 months]). At week 14, 46.8% had remission and 15.7% clinical response. CD (vs UC), previous surgery, higher CRP concentration and disease severity at baseline were significantly associated with impaired response. The rate of vedolizumab discontinuation was 37% per patient‐year of follow‐up (27.6% in UC and 45.3% in CD, P < 0.01). CD (vs UC), anaemia at baseline, steroids during induction and CRP concentration were associated with lower durability of treatment. Seven per cent of patients developed adverse events, infections being the most frequent.
Conclusions
Over 60% of IBD patients respond to vedolizumab. Many patients discontinue treatment over time. CD and disease burden impair both short‐ and long‐term response. Vedolizumab seems to be safe in clinical practice.
The main side effects caused by sodium phosphate enemas are water and electrolyte disturbances. The main risk factors are extreme age and associated comorbidity.
A number of clinical and endoscopic variables (blood pressure, heart rate, and endoscopic stigmata of bleeding) with prognostic value have been identified. These are easy to obtain and apply in clinical practice and allow an accurate estimation of the evolution of UGIB. This diagnostic strategy identifies a relatively high proportion of UGIB patients who can be managed on an outpatient basis.
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