Smart cities have been recently pointed out by M2M experts as an emerging market with enormous potential, which is expected to drive the digital economy forward in the coming years. However, most of the current city and urban developments are based on vertical ICT solutions leading to an unsustainable sea of systems and market islands. In this work we discuss how the recent vision of the Future Internet (FI), and its particular components, Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Services (IoS), can become building blocks to progress towards a unified urban-scale ICT platform transforming a Smart City into an open innovation platform. Moreover, we present some results of generic implementations based on the ITU-T's Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) model. The referenced platform model fulfills basic principles of open, federated and trusted platforms (FOTs) at two different levels: the infrastructure level (IoT to support the complexity of heterogeneous sensors deployed in urban spaces), and at the service level (IoS as a suit of open and standardized enablers to facilitate the composition of interoperable smart city services). We also discuss the need of infrastructures at the European level for a realistic large-scale experimentally-driven research, and present main principles of the unique-in-the-world experimental test facility under development within the SmartSantander EU project.
Ongoing Sensor Web developments make a growing amount of heterogeneous sensor data available to smart devices. This is generating an increasing demand for homogeneous mechanisms to access, publish and share real-world information. This paper discusses, first, an architectural solution based on Next Generation Networks: a pilot Telco Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) Platform that embeds several OGC® Sensor Web services. This platform has already been deployed in large scale projects. Second, the USN-Platform is extended to explore a first approach to Semantic Sensor Web principles and technologies, so that smart devices can access Sensor Web data, allowing them also to share richer (semantically interpreted) information. An experimental scenario is presented: a smart car that consumes and produces real-world information which is integrated into the Semantic Sensor Web through a Telco USN-Platform. Performance tests revealed that observation publishing times with our experimental system were well within limits compatible with the adequate operation of smart safety assistance systems in vehicles. On the other hand, response times for complex queries on large repositories may be inappropriate for rapid reaction needs.
Esta Tesis es el resultado de varios años de investigación que se ha ido realizando al amparo de muchos proyectos de colaboración como el SmartSantander, SENSEI e IoT--A, todos ellos pertenecientes al Séptimo programa marco (FP7) de la UE, además de actividades internas de Telefónica. Mucha gente ha participado de forma más o menos directa y más o menos consciente. Gracias a todos ellos.Primero que todo es de justicia y un placer agradecer a mi director de Tesis, Luís, la paciencia, insistencia, dedicación, ánimos, consejos, colaboración, … y sobre todo humanidad. Sin ellos no hubiera sido posible ni siquiera empezarla. "Gracias por todos estos años que hemos estado trabajando juntos y espero que podamos continuar por muchos años más".A toda mi familia. Especialmente a mi mujer, Maite, y a mis hijas, Miriam y Pilar, no sólo por la comprensión y el apoyo que siempre han tenido para con mi investigación, sino por la cantidad enorme de tiempo que han tenido que prescindir de mi como marido y padre. ¡¡¡Gracias!!!! También agradecerles a mis padres no sólo la insistencia en que la acabara, sino el empeño que siempre han puesto en inculcarme los valores del esfuerzo y constancia sin los cuales hubiera sido imposible realizarla.A mis compañeros de trabajo en Telefónica I+D. Ha habido muchos durante estos años, pero quisiera hacer mención especial a José Manuel, Agustín, Fernando, Alfonso, Rafa, Eva, Demetrio, David, Luís y los muchos que me dejo en el tintero. Ellos son posiblemente casi tan responsables como yo de buena parte de los resultados de esta Tesis.
This paper describes a novel architecture to introduce automatic annotation and processing of semantic sensor data within context-aware applications. Based on the well-known state-charts technologies, and represented using W3C SCXML language combined with Semantic Web technologies, our architecture is able to provide enriched higher-level semantic representations of user's context. This capability to detect and model relevant user situations allows a seamless modeling of the actual interaction situation, which can be integrated during the design of multimodal user interfaces (also based on SCXML) for them to be adequately adapted. Therefore, the final result of this contribution can be described as a flexible context-aware SCXML-based architecture, suitable for both designing a wide range of multimodal context-aware user interfaces, and implementing the automatic enrichment of sensor data, making it available to the entire Semantic Sensor Web. 1. Heterogeneous sensor data should be represented in a homogeneous way to make it available to different application domains.
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