The agronomic performance and leaf mineral nutrition of the non-melting clingstone peach cv. 'Catherina' was evaluated on seven hexaploid plum rootstocks, as well as one Prunus persica seedling. They were assessed over a period of 15 years in a field trial at the Experimental Station of Aula Dei-CSIC (Zaragoza, Spain), located in the Ebro Valley (NE Spain). Growing conditions generated varying levels of tree mortality, the highest with Constantí 1, Monpol and Montizo, whereas all Adesoto, GF 655/2 and PM 105 AD trees survived well. GF 655/2 and P. Soto 67 AD proved to be the most dwarfing rootstocks, while Constantí 1 and Monpol were the most invigorating and generated greater cumulative yields. However, the highest yield efficiency was recorded on GF 655/2 and Montizo, although they did not differ significantly from Adesoto and P. Soto 67 AD. The highest average values for fruit weight were observed on PM 105 AD and the lowest on GF 655/2, but they did not differ significantly from the rest of the rootstocks. The highest average values for the soluble solids content were observed on the Pollizo rootstocks Adesoto and PM 105 AD, followed by P. Soto 67 AD. All rootstocks induced nitrogen deficiency, with the exception of Constantí 1, GF 655/2 and Montizo, and iron deficiency, except PM 105 AD. The invigorating rootstock Constantí 1 seemed to induce higher SPAD values. According to the ΣDOP index, Montizo presented the most suitable balanced nutritional index, but it did not differ significantly from the rest of the rootstocks except GF 655/2 and P. Soto 67 AD.Additional key words: iron chlorosis; vigour; yield; SSC; SPAD.Correspondence should be addressed to María Angeles Moreno: mmoreno@eead.csic.es Authors' contributions: MAM has designed and conducted the study since 1997. LM collected samples and performed the leaf mineral, SPAD and fruit quality analysis. JAB supervised the leaf mineral analysis. MAM supervised the research and guided data interpretation. LM, GR and MAM carried out statistical analysis and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Competing interests:The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

The influence of rootstock on the mineral composition of scion leaves of fruit trees is generally accepted. The present work was carried out to corroborate if this influence is also evident for the mineral nutrient concentrations in flowers. The study was made in an experimental orchard of sweet cherry (Prunus avium, L. cv. 'Van') grafted on three rootstocks: Adara, SL 64 and Cok. Flowers and leaves were sampled at full bloom and 60 days after fuil bloom (DAFB) respectively. They were analyzed for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu). Floral analysis showed that most nutrients were affected by the rootstock. P and Ca, contents behaved similarly for cherry flower and leaf 60 DAFB. The range of variation of K, Mg, and Cu in flowers, among rootstocks, was shorter than that of leaves. In contrast, the range of variation of Na, Zn, and especially Fe, in flowers was longer than that of leaves.

RESUMENLos modernos métodos de imagen, como la CT y la RNM proporcionan datos reales y tridimensionales de la superficie y las estructuras internas corporales. Esta información se almacena en ficheros DICOM (un protocolo estándar en adquisición de imagen radiológica). Sobre esos ficheros pueden realizarse muchos procedimientos de análisis de imagen, tales como visualización interactiva, morfometría, reconstrucciones tridimensionales, etc. Estas tareas son realizadas de una manera no invasiva y no destructiva, pudiéndose almacenar los resultados para documentación del caso. El presente trabajo describe las bases de los procedimientos de análisis de imagen sobre ficheros DICOM dirigidos a propósitos forenses (la llamada "virtopsia"), enfatizando la utilidad del método en Patología, Traumatología Forense y otros campos.La "virtopsia" debe ser considerada no sólo como un procedimientos post-mortem (complementando pero no sustituyendo a la autopsia tradicional), sino como un modo de examinar partes corporales de una manera interactiva, sea en el fallecido o en el sujeto vivo. Ello amplia su utilidad y hace apropiado el procedimiento siempre que se requiera un examen anatómico forense reproducible, preciso, interactivo y en tiempo real.Palabras clave: Análisis de imagen, Proceso de imagen, ficheros DICOM, Radiología digital, Autopsia, Virtopsia, Radiología cadavérica, Radiología asistida por ordenador. Cuad Med Forense 2005; 11(40):95-106 ABSTRACTModern imaging methods, such as radiological CT/MRI scanning provides real, full 3D data of the body surface and internal structures. This information is stored in DICOM files (a standard protocol in radiology image acquisition). Many image-analysis procedures, such as interactive visualization, morphometry, densitometry, three dimensional reconstruction, etc., can be carried-out on these files. These tasks are performed in a non-invasive and non-destructive manner, and the results can be stored in order to document the case.The present paper describes the basis of imageanalysis procedures on DICOM files directed to forensic purposes (socalled "virtopsy"), emphasizing the utility of the method in Pathology, Forensic Traumatology and other fields.The virtopsy must be considered not only as a postmortem procedure (complementing but not substituting the traditional autopsy), but a way to examine body parts in an interactive manner, whatever the subject is dead or alive. That spreads its utility and makes the method appropriate whenever an accurate, real-time, interactive and reproducible forensic anatomic examination is required.

Floral analysis could be considered as an alternative versus foliar analysis to diagnose the nutritional status of fruit trees. Taken into account the importance of the dry matter percentage of any plant tissue, preliminary results about fresh and dry weights of flowers from different fruit species are presented in this study. For this purpose, whole flowers (without stalk) at full bloom were sampled from different fruit species grown at the Aula Dei Campus. The fruit tree groups considered for these studies were: almond, apple, apricot, nectarine, peach, pear, plum, sour cherry and sweet cherry. For the last group, three varieties: (Sunburst, Tardif de Vignole and Van) were studied. Significant differences, among groups, for fresh weights, dry weights and dry matter percentages were found.

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Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico. Hospital MAZ. RESUMEN Entre las complicaciones de la cirugía discal lumbar, una, poco frecuente pero especialmente incapacitante es la ceguera. Presentamos un caso de ceguera cortical transitoria tras una microcirugía discal convencional L5-S1 en una paciente sana. Se discuten las posibles causas propuestas por la literatura, y se propone el embolismo gaseoso como origen probable de la ceguera cortical experimentada por la paciente. Al tratarse de una complicación de diagnóstico difícil, pero con cierto grado de posibilidad de prevención, y de tratamiento eficaz, se analizan también los principales problemas médico-legales tanto relativos al análisis de mala praxis como a cuestiones relacionadas con el consentimiento informado. Palabras clave: Cirugía discal; complicaciones quirúrgicas; ceguera; mala praxis; consentimiento informado: embolismo gaseoso; Neuropatías óptica isquémica; Ceguera cortical.

This work includes the methodology for carrying out a proficiency testing program between Spanish laboratories that offer soil fertility analysis. Aliquots of each of the two large volume samples were prepared, taken from two surface horizons of soils with marked differences between them. Once the homogeneity of aliquots was tested, one sample of each soil was sent to each of the twenty-one participating laboratories, together with the instructions and a format for the submission of results. Throughout the process, special care was taken to ensure the confidentiality of the results of each individual participant. Once the responses were received, the results were analyzed, consensus values were assigned and each result was evaluated using the “z-score” indicator. The exercise was very well received by the participating laboratories, and has been very effective in characterizing the quality of the results issued. It has been shown that there are parameters with very homogeneous results (pH) compared to others with differences incompatible with the reliable agronomic use of analyses (granulometry, assimilable phosphorus, etc.). The urgent need to maintain this type of intercomparison exercise periodically, as an external quality control that increases the reliability of laboratories, is evident.