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Summary:Purpose: Epilepsy research has identified higher rates of learning disorders in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, most studies have not adequately assessed complex functional adult learning skills, such as reading comprehension and written language. We designed this study to evaluate our predictions that higher rates of reading comprehension, written language, and calculation disabilities would be associated with left TLE versus right TLE.Methods: Reading comprehension, written language, and calculation skills were assessed by using selected subtests from the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Tests of AchievementRevised in a consecutive series of 31 presurgical patients with TLE. Learning disabilities were defined by one essential criterion consistent with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Patients had left hemisphere language dominance based on Wada results, left or right TLE based on inpatient EEG mon-

The problem of hypothesis testing about proportions in twonite populationsis addressed. The usual test based on the normal approximation (Z test) and a test based on estimated p values (E test) are considered. The exact properties of the tests are evaluated numerically. Numerical studies indicate that the E test is very satisfactory even for small samples and can be recommended for practical use. Power computation for a given level and sample size is also outlined for both tests. The testing methods are illustrated using an example.

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