Bovine fasciolosis is a neglected parasitic zoonosis that causes economic losses to beef production chains due to liver condemnation at abattoirs. Despite the characterization of Bovine fasciolosis in several areas of Brazil, an update on its prevalence in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo is lacking. Thus, fasciolosis prevalence from 2018 to 2021 is presented here according to cattle origin (municipalities of both states). In addition, the associated economic impact on an abbatoir was analyzed through liver condemnation of bovines from both states. The prevalence of fasciolosis in the state of Espírito Santo (10.4%) was significantly higher than Rio de Janeiro (3.6%) (P < 0.01), and resulted in an economic loss of US$12,678.60 for the abattoir. The following municipalities located in the state of Espírito Santo presented prevalences above the mean (10.3%) established in the study: Vargem Alta, Anchieta, Cachoeiro do Itapemirim, Castelo, Atilio Vivacqua, Apiacá and Ibitirama. Thus, majority of these municipalities are considered high-risk areas. Although, there is an aparrent reduction of fasciolosis prevalence, it continues to be a cause of economic losses in abattoirs especially in the state of Espírito Santo. Accordingly, prophylactic measures must still be adopted in cattle farms.
A tuberculose bovina é uma doença infecciosa de distribuição mundial, causada pelo Mycobacterium bovis. Possui caráter zoonótico, podendo ser transmitida ao ser humano através da ingestão de alimentos, como leite e carnes, provenientes de animais infectados ou por contato direto. Além do Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação de Brucelose e Tuberculose Animal, a inspeção sanitária em abatedouro tem permitido avaliar a sanidade do rebanho e inocuidade dos alimentos, assim como identificar os municípios e propriedade rurais que são focos da doença. O estudo foi conduzido em um abatedouro de bovinos no sul do Espirito Santo. Os dados contendo o total de bovinos abatidos e total de condenações por tuberculose, no período de 2018 a 2021, foram disponibilizados pelo Instituto de Defesa agropecuária e florestal do Espírito Santo (IDAF). Além disso foram consultadas as Guia de Trânsito Animal (GTA) dos animais condenados, para obter os munícios de origem, e por fim calculou-se os prejuízos econômicos em decorrência do descarte das carcaças. O trabalhou teve como objetivo estabelecer a prevalência de tuberculose bovina, utilizando dados de condenações total de carcaças e estimar as perdas econômicas. Durante o período analisado, verificou-se 384 condenações por tuberculose bovina de carcaças e vísceras de bovinos, resultando em uma frequência de (0,80%). Em relação aos municípios de origem, Cachoeiro do Itapemirim apresentou maior frequência de casos sugestivos de tuberculose bovina, seguido de Atílio Vivácqua, Presidente Kennedy, Muqui, Mimoso do Sul, alegre, entre outros com menores prevalências. Os prejuízos econômicos estimados considerando as 384 condenações durante os quatro anos avaliado, foi de aproximadamente R$ 1.475.712 aos produtores. Portanto, infere-se que no período estudado, a tuberculose bovina esteve presente em bovinos abatidos um abatedouro no estado do Espírito Santo.
Background: Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a zoonotic disease highly prevalent in Brazil and poses considerable risk to public health. T. gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that is capable of infecting mammals and birds. In humans, the infection occurs mainly by the ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing tissue cysts or other food items or water contaminated with sporulated oocysts, or by congenital transmission. Despite the prevalence of T. gondii in Brazil and its proven circulation among humans, animals, and the environment, there have been few studies on toxoplasmosis and its epidemiology. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 416 pigs from 55 producer farms in 27 municipalities in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. An indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) was performed to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii and identify the associated risk factors. Results: The T. gondii antibody prevalence rate in commercial swine herds from Espírito Santo was 15.4% (64/416), and the most frequent antibody titer was 1:64 (61/64) followed by 1:256 (3/64). Seropositivity for T. gondii was related to the presence of cats, existence of internal insulation fences on the farm, use of compost chambers on the farm, water sources, and the age of pigs. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report anti- T. gondii antibodies in the serum of pigs in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil. This finding is important to public health because seropositive pigs can harbor tissue cysts in their meat, thereby representing a zoonotic risk for consumers of raw or undercooked porcine meat or its products.
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