Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is an oral inflammatory condition that frequently affects felines. Its etiology is not well defined, but several viral agents are thought to be involved. Several therapeutic protocols have been described, yet treatment response is often variable, and the therapeutic success is transient with an unpredictable duration. Therefore, the therapeutic strategy needs to be tailored for each patient. This work relates a case characterized by viral involvement in its etiopathogenesis providing an alternative to the most widely-used methods that so often frustrate both veterinary doctors and pet owners.
Background: This work reports a case of urethral obstruction by urolith in a female cat. The patient had a history of hematuria beginning approximately 2 months before visiting the clinic, with anorexia, apathy, emesis, tenesmus and absence of urination. Following physical and ultrasonic examinations, urethral obstruction by urolith was diagnosed. Although feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is common in both males and females, a urethral obstruction in female cats is extremely rare. This report aims to alert veterinarians to such an occurrence, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in view of the severity of the consequences of a urethral obstruction.Case: An undefined, female cat of indefinite age, with a history of hematuria, emaciation, anorexia, apathy, emesis, tenesmus and anuria, presented at our clinic. Physical examination revealed dehydration, discrete rectal prolapse and dysuria. During abdominal palpation, a rigid spherical-shaped structure was observed in the hypogastric region, and complementary examinations were subsequently performed. Hematological examination revealed leukocytosis and increased serum urea and creatinine levels. Abdominal ultrasound examination showed that the urinary vesicle was full, with heterogeneous anechoic content with discrete sedimentation, as well as the presence of a hyperechogenic structure that formed an acoustic shadow at the transition between the bladder trigone and the urethra. In addition, both renal pelves presented dilatation byanechoic content, and measured about 0.5 cm. Treatment with amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate (20 mg/kg administered intravenously) was initiated, and the patient was referred to undergo a surgical procedure to remove the calculus. When exploring the abdominal cavity, the urinary vesicle was identified, which appeared to be rigid. Ventral cystotomywas performed, and calculus was identified in the proximal urethra, which was ‘milked’ into the bladder and removed. The patient showed good surgical recovery, presenting normorexia and normuria after anesthetic recovery. The patient remained hospitalized for 12 h. On the following day, hematological tests showed improvement in leukocytosis and azotemia, and amoxicillin was prescribed with potassium clavulanate (20 mg/kg 12/12 h), tramadol (4 mg/kg 8/8 h) and ketoprofen (1mg/kg SID). The patient was requested to return for a follow-up appointment 5 days later, but the patient did not return.Discussion: Although the low frequency of urethral obstruction in female felines does not reflect the common occurrence of FLUTD, the present report warns of the importance of the final diagnosis in patients with manifestations of urinary tract disorders, especially female animals, in order to exclude the possibility of urolithiasis. This attention will allow the correct treatment of each condition and complete recovery of the patient, avoiding possible obstructions and serious consequences related to the presence of an obstruction for a prolonged period of time. The present work reported a case of feline urethral obstruction, a condition considered rare for females of this species. Urethral obstruction is considered an emergency in the small animal clinic, and the treatment, which consists of clearing and correcting systemic effects, should be rapid as the consequences for the patient can be severe and permanent, and can even lead to death. The possibility of urethral obstruction was not ignored despite the rare occurrence in females, which allowed for rapid surgical intervention to clear and reestablish the urinary flow, which contributed to the successful recovery of the patient.Keywords: urolithiasis, feline lower urinary tract disease, urethral calculus.
RESUMO Babesia canis é um protozoário cosmopolita que parasita eritrócitos de cães domésticos e selvagens. O diagnóstico é realizado mediante a observação direta do microrganismo em hemácias no esfregaço de sangue periférico, métodos sorológicos e técnicas moleculares. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar pela primeira vez a presença de merozoítos de Babesia spp. no líquido peritoneal de um cão com ascite. No Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, foi atendido um cão, macho, sem raça definida, de sete meses de idade, com histórico de emaciação, apatia e abaulamento abdominal. No exame físico, foram evidenciadas mucosas hipocoradas, ascite, sopro sistólico grau IV/V e taquipneia. Nos exames laboratoriais, evidenciou-se anemia normocítica/normocrômica, trombocitopenia e hipoproteinemia. No esfregaço sanguíneo, foram observadas estruturas intraeritrocitárias compatíveis com Babesia spp. A avaliação do líquido ascítico foi compatível com transudato modificado e observaram-se inúmeras estruturas intra e extracelulares compatíveis com merozoítas de Babesia spp. A presença de microrganismos intra e extracelular poderia estar relacionada a uma lesão no baço com extravasamento do conteúdo para a cavidade abdominal. A coleta do líquido peritoneal pode ser uma alternativa para o diagnóstico de babesiose quando o animal com suspeita da infecção apresentar ascite.
Background: Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a malignant neoplasm arising from the endothelial cells of blood vessels. It has fast growth, and severe local infiltration and metastasis power, in addition to risk of hemorrhage due to the fragility of its vessels. HSA develops in dogs aged 8 to 13 years but can affect younger animals too. Ocular involvement in HSA is rare, but when identified, the third eyelid and bulbar conjunctiva close to the limbus are the most affected sites by this neoplasm. This study aimed to report the clinicopathological aspects of a case of HSA in the third eyelid of an American Pit Bull Terrier breed. Case: A 10-year-old male American Pit Bull Terrier with a history of a red hemorrhagic mass on the third eyelid of the left eye was examined at a veterinary clinic. On physical examination, the animal showed signs of ocular discomfort and bleeding. On ophthalmologic examination, a raised red mass, approximately 2 cm in diameter, was identified on the anterior surface of the third eyelid. The mass was surgically excised. The excised tissue fragment was fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution for 24 h and sent for histopathological examination. Macroscopically, the fragment was irregular, soft, and brownish and measured 2.0 × 1.0 × 0.5 cm. Histologically, proliferation of non-delimited and non-encapsulated atypical endothelial cells, which were organized in vascular arrangements forming small lakes filled with red blood cells, was observed. The cells exhibited elongated and basophilic cytoplasm, oval nuclei with coarse chromatin, and evident nucleoli. Moderate anisocytosis and anisocariosis were observed, with no mitotic figures. Epithelial hyperplasia with mild mixed inflammatory infiltrate was noted. Surgical margins were compromised. Sections of neoplastic tissue were processed for immunohistochemical evaluation with anti-CD31, anti-factor VIII, and anti-Ki-67 antibodies. Neoplastic cells exhibited marked immunostaining for CD31 and factor VIII, and only 8% of these cells were immunostained for Ki-67. Discussion: The diagnosis of HSA in the third eyelid was based on histological features and positive immunostaining for CD31 and factor VIII. The Ki 67 protein is a marker of cell proliferation, being highly expressed in malignant cells, and has been applied as a prognostic marker for different types of neoplasms. Hemangiosarcoma of the third eyelid is a rare malignant neoplasm in small animals. Dogs are the species most affected by this tumor, with the incidence age varying from 8 to 13 years; however, it can also affect younger animals. Animals with thin, light hair and glabrous regions, especially on the face and periocular region, may be more predisposed to this neoplasm. Surgical excision with a wide margin of safety is the recommended treatment for HSA. In addition, chemotherapy may be indicated as a complement to the surgical procedure, especially if the margins are compromised. The main chemotherapy protocols used for this neoplasm include VAC I and VAC II, which are associated with the drugs, doxorubicin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide. Another alternative to conventional protocols is the use of metronomic chemotherapy, which involves intensifying an anti-tumor immune response and decreasing tumor vascular density. Differential diagnoses for hemangiosarcoma (HSA) of the third eyelid in dogs include other neoplasms with ocular-conjunctival involvement, such as third eyelid gland adenocarcinoma, conjunctival melanoma, mastocytoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Keywords: angiosarcoma, HSA, malignant neoplasm, immunohistochemistry, eye, ocular, dog.
Myelolipoma is a benign neoplasm composed of mature adipocytes and hematopoietic elements. This tumor is rare in dogs and cats and can develop in several organs and tissues. This report describes a case of splenic myelolipoma in a dog characterizing its clinical-pathological and ultrasonography aspects. A 9-year-old, female, mixed-breed, castrated dog was referred to the veterinary hospital with increased abdominal circumference. Ultrasonography revealed splenomegaly with masses of not measurable dimensions along the entire length of the parenchyma. The spleen was removed, and a fragment was sent for histopathological analysis. Macroscopically, the spleen was enlarged, with irregularly nodular growths that project above the surface of the organ. Nodules were red with small yellow areas. Microscopically, the spleen was effaced by a well-demarcated and not encapsulated mass composed of histologically well-differentiated neoplastic adipose tissue with islands and nests of varying proportions of hematopoietic elements. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of myelolipoma. Myelolipomas are observed on ultrasound images as hyperechoic masses or nodules with homogeneous echo texture. Here, ultrasound appearance involved mixed echogenicity and heterogeneous echotexture, due to the mixture of fat and non-fatty material components of the tumor.
O objetivo desse estudo foi relatar os aspectos clínico-patológicos de cão jovem com melanoma amelanótico. Um canino macho Buldogue Francês de seis meses de idade foi atendido com histórico de um nódulo de crescimento rápido em região de articulação úmero-radio-ulnar. Macroscopicamente, o nódulo apresentava forma de botão não pigmentado. Foi realizada excisão cirúrgica da massa. Microscopicamente observou-se proliferação neoplásica não encapsulada e infiltrativa, composta por células redondas, com citoplasma basofílico, por vezes abundante e núcleos policromáticos. O pleomorfismo celular era elevado e havia marcada anisocitose e anisocariose. Para complementação diagnóstica, foi realizado exame imuno histoquímico utilizando marcadores para citotoqueratinas (AE1/AE3), Melan A, Vimentina, PNL-2 e S100. O diagnóstico de melanoma amelanótico baseou-se na imunomarcação positiva para PNL-2 e S100 em mais de 80% das células tumorais. Nesse estudo, o tumor apresentava características histológicas de tumor de células redondas, possivelmente um mastocitoma ou um histiocitoma cutâneo. Entretanto, a utilização da técnica de imuno-histoquímica foi crucial para o correto diagnóstico da neoplasia. Neste estudo chama-se a atenção da ocorrência de melanomas com características histológicas de tumor de células redondas m animais jovens e o uso da imuno-histoquímica como ferramenta indispensável para o diagnóstico correto da neoplasia.
Trichogranuloma is characterized by a foreign body-type granulomatous inflammatory process resulting from the presence of hair fragments in the dermis. We report a case of a two-year-old male cat, presenting pain and an increase in volume in the right pelvic limb. Physical examination revealed a nodular lesion that drained a purulent secretion. The diagnosis of trichogranuloma was made based on clinical findings and histological changes. Trichogranulomas are rare in animals and humans; they are usually an occupational disease of hairdressers. Therefore, this condition must enter into the differential diagnosis of other granulomatous diseases in cats, such as infection by Mycobacterium spp. and Nocardia spp., among others.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.